Table. Ba.
seline characteristics of the patients (n = 389) and their associations with the rate of return to work after excision of lumbar disc herniation. Hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) are derived from Cox proportional hazard uni- and multivariable analyses
| Separately | Multivariable | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| analyzed | model | ||
| Factor | n (%) | HR (CI) | HR (CI) |
| Age (missing n = 0): | |||
| < 40 | 102 (26) | 1.5 (1.1–1.9) | 1.4 (1.1–1.9) |
| 40–50 | 138 (36) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| > 50 | 149 (38) | reference | reference |
| Sex (missing n = 0): | |||
| Men | 111 (29) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Women | 278 (72) | reference | reference |
| Married or cohabiting (missing n = 0): | |||
| No | 100 (26) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) |
| Yes | 289 (74) | reference | reference |
| Obese (BMI > 30) (missing n = 11): | |||
| No | 322 (85) | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) |
| Yes | 56 (15) | reference | reference |
| Comorbidities (missing n = 0) | |||
| No | 341 (88) | 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.5) |
| Yes | 48 (12) | reference | reference |
| Current smoking (missing n = 4): | |||
| No | 301 (78) | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) |
| Yes | 84 (22) | reference | reference |
| High alcohol consumption (missing n = 2) | |||
| No | 349 (90) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) |
| Yes | 38 (10) | reference | reference |
| Occupational status (missing n = 4): | |||
| Non-manual | |||
| Higher level | 91 (24) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) | 1.6 (1.2–2.1) |
| Lower level | 142 (37) | 1.3 (1.1–1.7) | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
| Manual | 152 (40) | reference | reference |
| Self-rated health (missing n = 2): | |||
| Good | 261 (67) | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.2) |
| Poor | 126 (33) | reference | reference |
| Psychological distress (missing n = 1): | |||
| No | 277 (71) | 1.1 (0.8–1.3) | 1.1 (0.9–1.5) |
| Yes | 111 (29) | reference | reference |
| Physically active (MET hours >14 h/week) (missing n = 4): | |||
| Yes | 295 (77) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| No | 90 (23) | reference | reference |
| Antidepressant medication purchase within 100 days (missing n = 0) | |||
| No | 365 (94) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) |
| Yes | 24 (6) | reference | reference |
| Pain medication purchase within 100 days (missing n = 0): | |||
| No | 144 (37) | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) |
| Yes | 245 (63) | reference | reference |
| Preoperative sickness absence a (missing n = 0) | |||
| No | 221 (57) | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) |
| Yes | 168 (43) | reference | reference |
a
More than 30 days of sickness absence within the 1-year period preceding the operation.