The infographic about red flags that should raise suspicion of physical child abuse (Figure 1 in Supplementary data) has been updated with minor text corrections. Furthermore, a complete reference list for the infographic has been added.
Supplementary data
Figure 1.
Red flags and risk indicators of physical child abuse.
References
- 1.Stith S M, Liu T, Davies L C, Boykin E L, Alder M C, Harris J M, Som A, McPherson M, Dees J E M E G. Risk factors in child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review of the literature. Aggress Violent Behav 2009; 14(1): 13-29. doi: 10.1016/j.avb.2006.03.006 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- 2.Baird E. Non-accidental injury in children in the time of COVID-19 pandemic. The Transient Journal. Published April 8, 2020. Accessed July 21, 2021. https://www.boa.ac.uk/resources/knowledge-hub/non-accidental-injury-in-children-in-the-time-of-covid-19-pandemic.html
- 3.Vanderminden J A. A longitudinal analysis of the effect of disability type and emotional/behavior problems on different forms of maltreatment across childhood. Published online 2013.
- 4.Kelly P, Thompson J M D, Koh J, Ameratunga S, Jelleyman T, Percival T M, Elder H, Mitchell E A. Perinatal risk and protective factors for pediatric abusive head trauma: a multicenter case-control study. J Pediatr 2017; 187: 240-6.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.04.058 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 5.Benedict M I, Zuravin S, Brandt D, Abbey H. Types and frequency of child maltreatment by family foster care providers in an urban population. Child Abuse Negl 1994; 18(7): 577-85. doi: 10.1016/0145-2134(94)90084-1 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6.Sorenson S B, Peterson J G. Traumatic child death and documented maltreatment history, Los Angeles. Am J Public Health 1994; 84(4): 623-7. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.84.4.623 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7.Cross D, Vance L A, Kim Y J, Ruchard A L, Fox N, Jovanovic T, Bradley B. Trauma exposure, PTSD, and parenting in a community sample of low-income, predominantly African American mothers and children. Psychol Trauma Theory Res Pract Policy 2018; 10(3): 327-35. doi: 10.1037/tra0000264 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8.Kostelny K, Lamin D, Manyeh M, Ondoro K, Stark L, Lilley S, Wessells M. “Worse than the war”: An ethnographic study of the impact of the Ebola crisis on life, sex, teenage pregnancy, and a community-driven intervention in rural Sierra Leone. London: Save the Children. Published online 2016. [Google Scholar]
- 9.Keenan H T, Marshall S W, Nocera M A, Runyan D K. Increased incidence of inflicted traumatic brain injury in children after a natural disaster. Am J Prev Med 2004; 26(3): 189-93. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2003.10.023 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10.Douglas E, Vanderminden J. A longitudinal, multilevel analysis of homicide against children aged 0–9 years using state-level characteristics: 1979–2007. Violence Vict 2014; 29(5): 757-70. doi: 10.1891/0886-6708.VV-D-12-00085 [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11.Molnar B E, Goerge R M, Gilsanz P, Hill A, Subramanian S V, Holton J K, Duncan D T, Beatriz E D, Beardslee W R. Neighborhood-level social processes and substantiated cases of child maltreatment. Child Abuse Negl 2016; 51: 41-53. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.11.007 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12.Black D A, Heyman R E, Smith Slep A M. Risk factors for child physical abuse. Aggress Violent Behav 2001; 6(2): 121-88. doi: 10.1016/S1359-1789(00)00021-5 [DOI] [Google Scholar]