Table 7.
Maximum differences in the estimates for item difficulties (in absolute value) over Age, Gender, Education level, Ethnicity and infit and outfit MNSQ statistics.
| Latent Variable | Questions | Age | Gender | Education | Ethnicity | Infit | Outfit |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BK | 1. I like my body in spite of small inadequacies | 0.17 | 0.11 | 0.02 | 0.14 | 1.10 | 1.09 |
| 11. I am happy in the body I have, no matter what size it is | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.64* | |||
| 12. I have stopped worrying about weight and body shape | 0.23 | 0.02 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.85 | 0.85 | |
| 19. I do not really think a lot about my body, I accept this is me. | 0.34 | 0.15 | 0.25 | 0.41 | 1.16 | 1.19 | |
| **21. I am critical of the way I think and feel about my body. | 0.72* | 0.39 | 0.07 | 0.32 | |||
| **23. I am critical of my body’s flaws | 1.12* | 0.21 | 0.14 | 0.88* | |||
| 41. I accept the flaws in my body, even if I don’t like them | 0.43 | 0.33 | 0.17 | 0.11 | 1.05 | 1.01 | |
| 42. I am really grateful for the way my body is | 0.22 | 0.03 | 0.23 | 0.14 | 1.00 | 1.02 | |
| 44. I am thankful for the way that I look | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.27 | 0.17 | 1.20 | 1.16 | |
| 48. I feel ok with my body the way it is | 0.19 | 0.23 | 0.01 | 0.23 | 1.20 | 1.19 | |
| 50. I accept my body the way it is and am comfortable in my own skin | 0.44 | 0.13 | 0.21 | 0.34 | 0.88 | 0.85 | |
| **54. It is hard to get away from the negative feelings I have about my body | 0.35 | 0.64* | 0.14 | 0.29 | |||
| 55. I am quite comfortable in my body | 0.22 | 0.19 | 0.16 | 0.11 | 1.08 | 1.04 | |
| CH | 24. Body image is something that most people have issues with. | 0.22 | 0.18 | 0.02 | 0.22 | 1.02 | 0.99 |
| 25. Everyone has mixed feelings about their body | 0.43 | 0.26 | 0.34 | 0.34 | 1.14 | 1.18 | |
| 27. Everyone has something they do not like about their body | 0.44 | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.86 | 0.86 | |
| 28. I am sure everyone has insecurities about their bodies | 0.32 | 0.15 | 0.36 | 0.41 | 0.85 | 0.87 | |
| 29. Everyone probably feels the same way about parts of their body that they would like to change. | 0.23 | 0.37 | 0.45 | 0.71* | |||
| 30. There are people who have the same or even worse thoughts about their body image than I do. | 0.42 | 0.42 | 0.39 | 0.33 | 1.19 | 1.18 | |
| 31. I do not think anyone is completely satisfied with their body | 0.33 | 0.46 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 1.19 | 1.19 | |
| 33. Nearly everyone has some negative feelings about their bodies | 0.46 | 0.17 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 1.19 | 1.17 | |
| 34. The way I feel about my body is probably a normal thing for everyone | 0.48 | 0.01 | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.84 | 0.84 | |
| 35. I think it is pretty normal to have hang-ups about certain parts of your body. | 0.47 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.68* | |||
| MA | 2. I am trying to become more accepting of my body | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.05 | 0.32 | 0.80 | 0.82 |
| 3. I try my best to accept my body | 0.34 | 0.08 | 0.23 | 0.37 | 1.12 | 1.15 | |
| 4. I am working on making myself feel better about the way I look | 0.29 | 0.07 | 0.25 | 0.15 | 0.83 | 0.87 | |
| 6. I try to empathise with myself and say I am ok and that I am happy with my body | 0.42 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.22 | 0.99 | 1.01 | |
| 16. I try to be kind to myself about my body | 0.69 | 0.07 | 0.36 | 0.29 | 1.18 | 1.15 | |
| 43. I need to be more accepting of my body | 0.43 | 0.09 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 1.13 | 1.19 |
Note: *Substantial DIF (a difference in item difficulties larger than or equal to 0.5 logits between groups); Age 1 = 16–29, 2 = 30–39, 3 = 40–49, 4 = 50–59, and over 5 = 60;Gender = Males and Females; Education 1 = GCSE, 2 = A’Levels, 3 = Bachelors, 4 = Masters and 5= PhD, 6 = none; Ethnicity 1 = white, 2 = Asian, 3 = Black, 4 = Mixed and 5 = Other. **negatively worded item