Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of 7,706 participants by sarcopenia status in CHARLS 2015.
| Characteristics | No sarcopenia (n = 4,310) | Possible sarcopenia (n = 2,627) | Sarcopenia (n = 769) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 66.2 ± 5.3 | 69.9 ± 7.0 | 72.0 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 2,004 (46.5) | 1,537 (58.5) | 358 (46.6) | <0.001 |
| Married (vs. others) | 3,678 (85.3) | 1,935 (73.7) | 557 (72.4) | <0.001 |
| Urban (vs. rural) | 638 (14.8) | 306 (11.6) | 50 (6.5) | <0.001 |
| Smokinga | 1,451 (35.3) | 688 (27.6) | 288 (39.0) | <0.001 |
| Drinkinga | 1,361 (37.1) | 603 (26.6) | 201 (30.3) | <0.001 |
| Educational level a | ||||
| Elementary school or below | 2,965 (76.3) | 2,047 (85.6) | 630 (89.6) | <0.001 |
| Secondary school | 860 (22.1) | 329 (13.8) | 66 (9.4) | |
| College and above | 63 (1.6) | 16 (0.6) | 7 (1.0) | |
| Socioeconomic status a | ||||
| Tertile 1 (the poorest) | 780 (29.0) | 627 (37.8) | 206 (41.3) | <0.001 |
| Tertile 2 | 950 (35.3) | 507 (30.6) | 158 (31.7) | |
| Tertile 3 (the richest) | 959 (35.7) | 523 (31.6) | 135 (27.1) | |
| BMI category, n (%) | ||||
| Underweight | 244 (5.7) | 140 (5.3) | 223 (29.0) | <0.001 |
| Normal weight | 2,232 (51.8) | 1,314 (50.0) | 417 (54.2) | |
| Overweight or obese | 1,834 (42.5) | 1,173 (44.7) | 129 (16.8) | |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 1,079 (25.0) | 868 (33.0) | 209 (27.2) | <0.001 |
| Dyslipidemia | 472 (11.0) | 334 (12.7) | 54 (7.0) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes | 279 (6.5) | 218 (8.3) | 41 (5.3) | 0.003 |
| Cancer | 42 (1.0) | 30 (1.1) | 12 (1.6) | 0.337 |
| Chronic lung diseases | 476 (11.0) | 392 (14.9) | 155 (20.2) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 204 (4.7) | 99 (3.8) | 34 (4.4) | 0.162 |
| Heart disease | 560 (13.0) | 454 (17.3) | 126 (16.4) | <0.001 |
| Stroke | 69 (1.6) | 121 (4.6) | 26 (3.4) | <0.001 |
| Kidney disease | 301 (7.0) | 202 (7.7) | 55 (7.2) | 0.543 |
| Digestive disease | 1,065 (24.7) | 663 (25.2) | 232 (30.2) | 0.006 |
| Psychiatric disease | 51 (1.2) | 45 (1.7) | 14 (1.8) | 0.123 |
| Memory-related disease | 62 (1.4) | 83 (3.2) | 14 (1.8) | <0.001 |
| Arthritis or rheumatism | 1,606 (37.3) | 1,177 (44.8) | 336 (43.7) | <0.001 |
| Asthma | 179 (4.2) | 158 (6.0) | 76 (9.9) | <0.001 |
| Anemiaa | 679 (18.6) | 479 (23) | 214 (35.5) | <0.001 |
| Handgrip strength (kg) | 31.2 ± 8.6 | 21.1 ± 8.4 | 20.9 ± 7.2 | <0.001 |
| ASM/Ht2 (kg/m2) | 7.1 ± 1.5 | 7.5 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 2.1 | <0.001 |
| Total cognitive score | 14 (9, 18) | 10 (6, 15) | 9 (5, 14) | <0.001 |
| CES-D score | 6 (3, 10) | 8 (4, 14) | 8 (4, 15) | <0.001 |
| Depressive symptomsb | 927 (21.5) | 882 (33.6) | 276 (35.9) | <0.001 |
Data are shown as means ± SD median (interquartile range), or numbers (percentages).
a
Missing data: 362 for smoking, 1,103 for drinking, 722 for educational level, 2,860 for socioeconomic status, and 1,374 for anemia data.
b
Defined as a score of 12 or greater on the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.
ASM, appendicular skeletal muscle; BMI, body mass index; CES-D, the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale.