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. 2021 Nov 10;9:762828. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.762828

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Copyright © 2021 Zhou and Sun.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The complex roles of cholesterol in the development of HCC. Proposed mechanisms for the pathogenic roles of cholesterol in HCC are revealed (blue characters): (1) promoting tumorigenesis; (2) inducing ectopic fatty acids accumulation; (3) remodeling the hepatic immune repertoire and establishing a tumorigenic microenvironment; (4) activating hepatic stellate cells; (5) affecting membrane fluidity and protein function. Mechanisms by which cholesterol inhibits HCC development (red characters): (1) activating NK cells to fight against hepatoma cells; (2) promoting the translocation of CD44 into lipid rafts and attenuating CD44-mediated migration and metastasis of HCC.