Table 2.
Outcome scales and selected measures during wave 1 and 2 of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the period one year prior – adjusted**.
| Outcome Scales and Selected Measures | Wave 1a | Wave 2b | Difference between Wave 1 and Wave 2 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Period 1-year prior | COVID-19 period | P | Period 1-year prior | COVID-19 period | p | p | Change from Wave 1 to Wave 2 | |
| Risk of Suicide and Self Harm in Kids (RiSsK) 1+ | 48.6% | 49.6% | 0.174 | 49.2% | 49.7% | 0.392 | 0.758 | |
| Risk for Injury to Others (RIO) 1+ | 47.9% | 47.0% | 0.228 | 48.1% | 43.3% | <0.0001* | <0.0001* | Decrease |
| Disruptive/Aggressive Scale (DABS) 4+ | 39.3% | 38.8% | 0.511 | 39.2% | 36.1% | <0.0001* | 0.002* | Decrease |
| Depressive Symptom Inventory (DSI) 4+ | 47.4% | 48.7% | 0.068 | 49.0% | 50.4% | 0.027* | 0.015* | Increase |
| Anxiety Scale 3+ | 56.3% | 57.4% | 0.139 | 57.0% | 57.9% | 0.145 | 0.322 | |
| Hyperactivity/Distractibility Scale (HDS) 9+ | 30.2% | 31.4% | 0.090 | 30.8% | 29.6% | 0.038* | 0.100 | |
| Witnessed domestic violence within last month | 1.0% | 1.2% | 0.381 | 1.2% | 1.1% | 0.259 | 0.942 | |
| Witnessed domestic violence within last year | 5.0% | 5.9% | 0.007* | 5.4% | 6.0% | 0.029* | 0.997 | |
| Experienced sexual assault/abuse within last year | 2.2% | 1.9% | 0.239 | 2.3% | 2.1% | 0.198 | 0.734 | |
| Experienced physical assault/abuse within last year | 4.3% | 4.6% | 0.346 | 4.6% | 4.0% | 0.016* | 0.088 | |
| Experienced emotional abuse within last year | 9.2% | 9.9% | 0.071 | 10.4% | 9.5% | 0.028* | 0.776 | |
| Self-injurious attempt in the last month | 8.3% | 7.8% | 0.194 | 7.9% | 9.0% | 0.001* | 0.010* | Increase |
| Referral as a result of involvement with youth justice system | 5.1% | 6.0% | 0.135 | 5.6% | 3.7% | <0.0001* | 0.000* | Decrease |
| Street drug use (illegal or legal) last 14 days | 5.8% | 5.4% | 0.285 | 6.7% | 5.4% | 0.001* | 0.818 | |
| Legal guardian mother or father only | 29.5% | 29.4% | 0.812 | 29.1% | 27.3% | 0.002* | 0.060 | |
| Current custody dispute | 5.3% | 4.3% | 0.060 | 4.2% | 4.6% | 0.448 | 0.487 | |
| Parent/primary caregiver expresses feelings of distress, anger, or depression | 31.1% | 27.5% | 0.002* | 34.0% | 25.8% | <0.0001* | 0.184 | |
| Family members report feeling overwhelmed | 35.6% | 36.0% | 0.622 | 37.8% | 33.5% | <0.0001* | 0.008* | Decrease |
| Parent experienced major life stressor last 90 days | 26.8% | 31.8% | <0.0001* | 26.9% | 29.1% | 0.042* | 0.081 | |
| Parental addiction in the last month | 3.9% | 3.4% | 0.063 | 3.7% | 3.6% | 0.712 | 0.715 | |
| Limited funds resulted in child/youth or parent making economic trade-offs | 3.4% | 2.6% | 0.086 | 3.6% | 2.6% | 0.009* | 0.715 | |
| Child protection services received last 90 days | 21.1% | 17.4% | 0.001* | 19.3% | 16.9% | 0.004* | 0.594 | |
Bolded numbers denote the period with the higher % to indicate the direction of the change from the COVID-19 period and the period prior, where the difference is statistically significant.
a
Wave 1 represents March 2020 to June 2020 (4 months).
b
Wave 2 represents September 2020 to January 2021 (5 months).
*
p <0.05.
**
Wave 1 and Wave 2 columns adjusted for age, sex, neighborhood income, first encounter with the service agency.