Table 1.
| Maternal characteristicsc | Mean (SD) | Mix–Max | N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 28.7 (4.7) | 18–41 | |
| Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m2) | 28.3 (7.1) | 15.3–49.1 | |
| Household size (persons) | 3.3 (1.4) | 1–11 | |
| Ethnicity/race | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 159 (54.6) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 75 (25.8) | ||
| Hispanic | 33 (11.3) | ||
| Asian | 10 (3.4) | ||
| Otherd | 14 (4.8) | ||
| Education | |||
| < High school | 9 (3.4) | ||
| High school | 88 (32.8) | ||
| Some college | 41 (15.3) | ||
| College degree | 65 (24.3) | ||
| Post-college degree | 65 (24.3) | ||
| Employment status | |||
| Employed | 208 (73.5) | ||
| Unemployed | 75 (26.5) | ||
| Marital status | |||
| Married/living as married | 163 (57.6) | ||
| Single | 120 (42.4) | ||
| Medicaid enrollment | |||
| Yes | 111 (43.5) | ||
| No | 144 (56.5) | ||
| Nulliparous | |||
| Yes | 96 (33.0) | ||
| No | 195 (67.0) | ||
| Smoking during pregnancy (any) | |||
| Yes | 89 (31.4) | ||
| No | 194 (68.6) | ||
| Pregnancy complications | |||
| Yes | 31 (10.7) | ||
| No | 260 (89.3) | ||
| Enrollment clinic | |||
| General OB | 60 (20.6) | ||
| Midwifery | 87 (29.9) | ||
| Community clinic | 144 (49.5) | ||
| Infant characteristics e | Mean (SD) | Min–Max | |
| Gestational age (weeks) |
39.4 (1.5) | 32.1.1–42.7 | |
| Birth weight (g) |
3,362.6 (534.8) | 1,280–4,730 |
a
N = 326 Upside participants considered for inclusion. Participants were excluded if: they transferred prenatal care out of URMC during pregnancy, they did not have a live birth, they did not receive prenatal care within URMC affiliated system, they became screen failures after enrollment.
b
N's for individual variables may differ slightly due to missing data.
c
At time of enrollment.
d
“Other” including more than one race and American Indian/Alaska Native and individuals self-reporting as “other”.
e
See Figure 1 for graph of infant characteristics by KI category.