Table 1.
Patient characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 positive and negative patients.
| Variables | SARS-CoV-2 positive | SARS-CoV-2 negative | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 117 | 95 | |
| Age, years, mean ± SD | 56 ± 19 | 50 ± 21 | .033 |
| Sex, male | 57 (49) | 49 (52) | .782 |
| Body mass index, kg/m², mean ± SD | 28 ± 6 | 29 ± 8 | .484 |
| Smoker | 24 (22) | 31 (34) | .83 |
| Outcome & Complications | |||
| Length of hospitalization | 9 ± 9 | 5 ± 6 | <.001 |
| Time between hospitalization & rectal swab, days, mean ± SD | 2 ± 3 | 1 ± 3 | .263 |
| Admission to intensive care unit | 10 (9) | 1 (1) | .014 |
| Deceased | 4 (3) | 3 (3) | 1.0 |
| Specific symptoms | |||
| Diarrhea | 37 (32) | 6 (6) | <.001 |
| Odor disorder | 32 (29) | 0 | <.001 |
| Fever | 71 (61) | 8 (8) | <.001 |
| Cough | 82 (71) | 13 (14) | <.001 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Pre-existing illness | 89 (76) | 67 (76) | 1.0 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 24 (21) | 28 (30) | .148 |
| Coronary heart disease | 16 (14) | 18 (19) | .348 |
| Hypertension | 43 (37) | 41 (46) | .199 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 9 (8) | 16 (17) | .052 |
| Solid organ transplantation | 3 (3) | 3 (3) | 1.0 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 15 (13) | 16 (17) | .439 |
| Malignancy | 18 (15) | 15 (16) | 1.0 |
| Medication at the timepoint of sampling | |||
| Proton pump inhibitor | 39 (35) | 28 (32) | .763 |
| Metformin | 6 (5) | 5 (5) | 1.0 |
| Laxatives | 4 (3) | 0 | .131 |
| ACE inhibitor | 38 (33) | 39 (44) | .110 |
| Beta blocker | 37 (32) | 35 (38) | .383 |
| Platelet aggregation inhibitor | 21 (18) | 18 (19) | .859 |
| Statin | 22 (19) | 20 (22) | .729 |
| Steroid | 12 (10) | 16 (17) | .159 |
| Remdesivir | 3 (3) | 0 | 1.0 |
| Antibiotics | 4 (3) | 3 (3) | 1.0 |
Data are presented as numbers (%) unless otherwise indicated. Metric variables were tested using t-test with mean ± SD. Fisher’s exact test was used for categorical variables. ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; SD, standard deviation.