Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study participants.
| Characteristics | Study group | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPDR (n = 45) | PDR (n = 45) | ||
| Gender | |||
| Male | 28 (62.2%) | 23 (51.1%) | 0.395 |
| Female | 17 (37.8%) | 22 (48.9%) | |
| Age (years) | 56.74 ± 7.11 | 58.19 ± 8.67 | 0.386 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.65 ± 3.92 | 24.81 ± 3.37 | 0.174 |
| Duration of DM (years) | 7.8 ± 3.5 | 12.2 ± 4.7 | 0.004 |
| FPG (mmol/L) | 6.34 ± 1.03 | 7.96 ± 1.25 | 0.013 |
| HbA1c (%) | 11.29 ± 0.96 | 12.61 ± 1.33 | 0.116 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.19 ± 0.74 | 1.34 ± 0.58 | 0.482 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.87 ± 0.69 | 3.85 ± 0.52 | 0.025 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.39 ± 0.76 | 4.96 ± 0.81 | 0.127 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.79 ± 0.81 | 2.47 ± 0.69 | 0.016 |
Values were expressed as n (%) or mean ± SD. p values for each group were derived from unpaired t test. Chi-square test was used for assessing distribution of observations between two groups. BMI: body mass index, DM: diabetes mellitus, HbA1c: hemoglobin A1c, FPG: fasting plasma glucose, HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglycerides.