Figure 6.

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α secreted by Sporothrix species infected human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) blocked for Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and TLR2 (A) and Dectin-1 (B). TLRs and Dectin-1 on hMDMs were blocked by preincubation (1 h) with TLR2-, TLR4-, or Dectin-1-specific monoclonal antibodies, followed by interaction with S. schenckii or S. brasiliensis yeasts, in medium containing whole human serum (wHS). Non-infected controls were preincubated with medium containing wHS, and infected controls were incubated with Sporothrix species. Results are the mean ± SEM of at least two independent experiments performed in at least triplicate (n = 3 or more). Statistical analysis was performed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison posttest (ns = not significant; ****p < 0.0001, ***p < 0.001, and **p < 0.01).