Table 5.
Comparison of sleep disturbances before and during lockdown in children and adolescents with ADHD and age groups comparison.
| Before, n (%) | During, n (%) | χ2 | P < | C vs A | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| χ2 | P < | ||||||
| Difficulty falling asleep | C | 130 (24.6) | 247 (46.8) | 77.780 | .0001 | 0.005 | NS |
| A | 152 (32.8) | 216 (46.6) | 24.951 | .0001 | |||
| Anxiety at bedtime | C | 103 (19.5) | 166 (31.4) | 38.828 | .0001 | 34.334 | .0001 |
| A | 56 (12.1) | 72 (15.5) | 5.114 | .024 | |||
| Hypnic jerks | C | 80 (15.2) | 97 (18.4) | 4.830 | .028 | 3.807 | .051 |
| A | 59 (12.7) | 64 (13.8) | 0.485 | NS | |||
| Rhythmic movements | C | 33 (6.3) | 42 (8.0) | — | .078* | 7.218 | .007 |
| A | 13 (2.8) | 18 (3.9) | — | NS* | |||
| > 2 awakenings/night | C | 50 (9.5) | 94 (17.8) | 31.879 | .0001 | 3.310 | NS |
| A | 36 (7.8) | 63 (13.6) | 13.796 | .0001 | |||
| Restless sleep | C | 223 (42.2) | 214 (40.5) | 0.985 | NS | 2.584 | NS |
| A | 160 (34.5) | 165 (35.6) | 0.254 | NS | |||
| Snoring/apnea | C | 33 (6.3) | 31 (5.9) | — | NS* | 0.630 | NS |
| A | 41 (8.8) | 33 (7.1) | — | NS* | |||
| Sleepwalking | C | 38 (7.2) | 46 (8.7) | — | NS* | 5.381 | .020 |
| A | 29 (6.3) | 23 (5) | — | NS* | |||
| Sleep terrors | C | 28 (5.3) | 27 (5.1) | — | NS* | 5.044 | .025 |
| A | 10 (2.2) | 11 (2.4) | — | NS* | |||
| Bruxism | C | 91 (17.2) | 82 (15.5) | 1.939 | NS | 10.932 | .001 |
| A | 60 (12.9) | 40 (8.6) | 12.033 | .001 | |||
| Nightmares | C | 80 (15.2) | 132 (25) | 27.094 | .0001 | 25.891 | .0001 |
| A | 49 (10.6) | 57 (12.3) | 1.633 | NS | |||
| Daytime sleepiness | C | 61 (11.6) | 86 (16.3) | 6.940 | .008 | 27.824 | .0001 |
| A | 90 (19.4) | 141 (30.4) | 26.882 | .0001 | |||
*Binomial distribution. A = adolescents; ADHD = attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder; C = children; NS = not significant.