Table 2. Demographic and clinical characteristics between the deceased and surviving patients with COVID-19.
| Characteristic | Surviving patients (n = 31) | Deceased patients (n = 63) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | 0.812 | |||
| Female | 12 (38.7) | 26 (41.3) | ||
| Male | 19 (61.3) | 37 (58.7) | ||
| Obesity | 19 (61.3) | 41 (65.1) | 0.719 | |
| Hypertension | 9 (29.0) | 26 (41.3) | 0.249 | |
| Diabetes type 2 | 20 (64.5) | 38 (60.3) | 0.694 | |
| Other risk factors | 1 (3.2) | 16 (25.4) | 0.006 | |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 0 (0) | 3 (4.8) | 0.296 | |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (3.2) | 6 (9.5) | 0.260 | |
| Congestive heart failure | 0 (0) | 3 (4.8) | 0.296 | |
| Peripheral venous insufficiency | 0 (0) | 2 (3.2) | 0.447 | |
| Smoking | 0 (0) | 2 (3.2) | 0.447 | |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 2.95 (2.6–3.4) | 2.36 (2.16–2.48) | 0.008 | |
| < 3.5 | 21 (67.7) | 55 (87.3) | 0.023 | |
| 25(OH)D (ng/dL) | 18.7 (12.8–21.4) | 12.1 (11.1–12.8) | < 0.001 | |
| < 20 | 16 (51.6) | 63 (100.0) | < 0.001 | |
| 20–29.9 | 14 (45.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| ≥ 30 | 1 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Values are presented as number of patients (%) or median (95% confidence interval). Comparisons between the 2 groups were performed using the Mann-Whitney U test for quantitative variables and the χ2 or Fisher's exact test for qualitative variables.
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D.