Table 5.
Syndemics PLS-SEM with direct effects in total sample and comparison by subgroups (ethnicity and gender)a
| Structural comparison | Total sample, s.c. (P) | Ethnicity | Gender | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White British (reference), s.c. | Ethnic minority (combined), s.c. (P compared with White British reference) | Male (reference), s.c. | Female, s.c. (P compared with male reference) | ||
| Past adversity → current adversity | 0.178 (P < 0.001) | 0.175 | 0.203 (P = 0.027) | 0.154 | 0.155 (P = 0.144) |
| Past adversity → biomarkers | 0.007 (P = 0.048) | 0.009 | 0.006 (P = 0.806) | 0.021 | 0.032 (P = 0.128) |
| Past adversity → psychosis | 0.028 (P < 0.001) | 0.026 | 0.028 (P = 0.855) | 0.028 | 0.031 (P = 0.802) |
| Current adversity → past adversity | 0.187 (P < 0.001) | 0.184 | 0.213 (P = 0.026) | 0.161 | 0.167 (P = 0.056) |
| Current adversity → biomarkers | 0.227 (P < 0.001) | 0.226 | 0.230 (P = 0.763) | 0.213 | 0.267 (P < 0.001) |
| Current adversity → psychosis | 0.038 (P < 0.001) | 0.035 | 0.062 (P = 0.115) | 0.052 | 0.031 (P = 0.022) |
| Biomarkers → past adversity | 0.007 (P = 0.048) | 0.009 | 0.006 (P = 0.801) | 0.021 | 0.034 (P = 0.109) |
| Biomarkers → current adversity | 0.219 (P < 0.001) | 0.219 | 0.220 (P = 0.980) | 0.208 | 0.261 (P < 0.001) |
| Biomarkers → psychosis | 0.019 (P = 0.048) | 0.017 | 0.034 (P = 0.180) | 0.014 | 0.016 (P = 0.995) |
PLS-SEM, partial least squares structural equation model; s.c., standardised coefficient; arrows indicate directions of associated tested.
a.
Bold denotes significance at P < 0.050 (in total sample; or compared with White British (ethnicity); or male (gender)).