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. 2021 Dec 1;12:7011. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-27285-6

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 8 — Transcription is strongly disruptive to nucleosome arrays and it takes ISWI-, Chd1- and/or INO80- remodelers to reinstate array architecture. Proper histone density is indispensable for spacing as neither DNA sequence-based nucleosome positioning nor the clamping activity of remodelers suffices. Remodelers also position the +1 nucleosome, thereby sharpening the site of transcription initiation (green arrows). Regularly spaced nucleosome arrays prevent cryptic transcription (red arrows), DNA damage, ectopic recombination and transposon integration within the gene body.