Table 2.
Comparison among the levels of inflammatory factors of the three groups.
| CHO mean (SEM) | Placebo mean (SEM) | Fasted mean (SEM) | P-value | CHO vs. placebo mean difference (95% CI); P-value | CHO vs. fasted mean difference (95% CI); P-value | Placebo vs. fasted mean difference (95% CI); P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
IL-6 (pg/mL) |
0.001 | ||||||
| Day 0 | 9.3 (4.5) | 11.0 (4.3) | 15.8 (4.0) | −1.7 (−17.7 to 14.2); 1.000 | −6.5 (−21.1 to 8.1); 0.834 | −4.8 (−19.1 to 9.6); 1.000 | |
| Day 1 | 75.5 (15.7) | 123.0 (15.1) | 134 (13.9) | −65.5 (−121.654 to −9.4); 0.017 | −76.5 (−127.9 to −25.1); 0.001 | −11.0 (−61.6 to 39.5); 1.000 | |
| Day 3 | 27.9 (8.8) | 33.0 (8.5) | 34.1 (7.8) | −5.1 (−36.8 to 26.5); 1.000 | −6.3 (−35.2 to 22.7); 1.000 | −1.1 (−29.7 to 27.4); 1.000 | |
| Day 7 | 7.1 (4.3) | 20.5 (4.1) | 26.11 (3.8) | −13.4 (−28.8 to 1.9); 0.106 | −19.1 (−33.1 to −5.0); 0.004 | −5.6 (−19.5 to 8.2); 0.973 | |
|
IL−8 (pg/mL) |
0.011 | ||||||
| Day 0 | 170 (56) | 192 (54) | 188 (50) | −23 (−223 to 177); 1.000 | −18.2 (−201.3 to 164.8); 1.000 | 4.4 (−175.6 to 184.5); 1.000 | |
| Day 1 | 275 (141) | 390 (136) | 852 (125) | −116 (−620 to 389); 1.000 | −576.9 (−1038.4 to −115.4); 0.009 | −461.3 (−915.2 to −7.3); 0.045 | |
| Day 3 | 341 (133) | 473 (129) | 417 (118) | −132 (−608 to 345); 1.000 | −75.9 (−512.3 to 360.6); 1.000 | 55.8 (−373.5 to 485.1); 1.000 | |
| Day 7 | 309 (137) | 305 (132) | 620 (121) | 4.2 (−487 to 495); 1.000 | −310.8 (−760.0 to 138.4); 0.284 | −315.0 (−756.8 to 126.9); 0.256 | |
|
TNF (pg/mL) |
0.001 | ||||||
| Day 0 | 13.9 (3.3) | 14.5 (1.2) | 20.3 (2.9) | −0.5 (−12.3 to 11.2); 1.000 | −6.4 (−17.1 to 4.4); 0.451 | −5.8 (−16.4 to 4.7); 0.541 | |
| Day 1 | 11.2 (2.4) | 14.0 (2.4) | 23.9 (2.2) | −2.8 (−11.6 to 5.9); 1.000 | −12.7 (−20.7 to −4.7); 0.001 | −9.9 (−17.8 to −2.0); 0.009 | |
| Day 3 | 9.6 (2.8) | 20.7 (2.7) | 20.5 (2.5) | −11.2 (−21.1 to −1.2); 0.023 | −11.0 (−20.1 to −1.8); 0.013 | 1.2 (−8.8 to 9.2); 1.000 | |
| Day 7 | 9.7 (1.9) | 13.9 (1.9) | 18.9 (1.7) | −4.2 (−1.2 to 2.8); 0.428 | −9.2 (−15.6 to −2.8); 0.002 | −5.0 (−11.3 to 1.3); 0.170 |
CHO, Carbohydrate; IL−6, Interleukin 6; IL-8, Interleukin 8; SEM, Standard error of the mean; TNF, Ttumor necrosis factor; Day 0, Before the operation; Day 1, The first postoperative day; Day 3, The third postoperative day; Day 7, The seventh postoperative day. P < 0.05 is displayed in bold.