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. 2021 Sep 17;10:207–221. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.09.015

Fig. 3.

Fig. 3

Bone-targeting capability in vitro and vivo. (A) FCM analysis of periostin expression on the surface of MC3T3 cells, MSCs and Raw 264.7 cells. (B) Periostin expression on the surface of MSCs during osteogenic induction. (C) Uptake of DiR labelled BT-Exo or Exo detected by FCM in MC3T3 cells and MSCs. Anti-periostin antibody was used to block the specific binding in MC3T3 cells. The fluorescence was stronger in the MC3T3 cells incubated with BT-Exo than in other groups. (D) Uptake of DiR-labelled BT-Exo by MSCs during the different stages of osteogenic induction. (E) Uptake of DiR-labelled BT-Exo or Exo detected by CLSM. Scale bar = 20 μm. (F) Quantification of DiR fluorescence intensity. (G) Biodistribution of DiR-labelled BT-Exo-siShn3 or Exo-siShn3 in mouse. (H) Fluorescence intensity of DiR-labelled BT-Exo-siShn3 or Exo-siShn3 in different organs. (I) Localization of siRNA-FAM to bone formation surfaces, osteoblasts and periostin delivered by BT-Exo or Exo. Scale bar = 20 μm. (NS, no significant difference; *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001; #, p < 0.0001).