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. 2021 Nov 18;12:753182. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2021.753182

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Copyright © 2021 Baker, Robeny, Cruz, Bruhat, Iloreta, Costa and Oxley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Increased collateral blood circulation by sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation. (A) Anatomical overview of stroke affected brain region before SPG stimulation. (B) The SPG contains parasympathetic fibers that synapse in the ganglion and innervate the internal carotid artery (ICA) through the deep petrosal nerve. (C) SPG stimulation induces vasodilation of blood vessels in the anterior circulation, increasing blood flow to the affected area limiting the evolution of the penumbra and reducing infarct volume.