TABLE 2.

Stratification of frailty risks of the normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) cohort.

mFI-11 group	Responder (n = 9)	Non-responder (n = 12)	p-value	Classic (n = 6)	Complex (n = 15)	p-value
0–2	4 (44.4)	5 (41.7)	1	3 (50)	6 (40)	1
≥3	5 (55.6)	7 (58.3)		3 (50)	9 (60)

mFI-11; Modified Frailty Index-11.

Complex NPH; term as per Lock et al. (2019) and further refined in this work, a subtype of NPH patients matching the following criteria:- (i) clinical symptoms and signs consistent with probable/possible NPH according to international and Japanese guidelines, (ii) with strong neuroradiological features supportive of the NPH diagnosis (such as DESH or other imaging biomarkers), (iii) but presenting with overlay from multiple comorbidities co-existing (such as significant cardiovascular risk burden or neurodegenerative disorders) and (iv) who are difficult to test using standard supplementary measures (due to poor cognitive/gait/balance/functional ability) or high risk for testing/surgical interventions (due to cardiac disease, antiplatelet, or anticoagulation therapy or spinal operations).