Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Author, Country | I/C sample size/Male% | Age | FEV1%pred | BMI | Outcome | Attrition number* | PEDro | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mass | Strength | Exercise capacity | |||||||
| Endurance exercise | |||||||||
| Alcazar et al. (21), Spain | 14(79%)/ 15(87%) |
77.7 ± 7.9/ 79.8 ± 6.4 |
47.4 ± 18.1/ 58.7 ± 15.2 |
28.8 ± 3/ 32.5 ± 5.9 |
Mid-thigh CSA | Leg press | 6MWD VO2peak |
5/1* | 4 |
| Barakat et al. (22), France | 40(85%)/ 40(83%) |
63.7 ± 11.9/ 65.9 ± 10.3 |
41.9 ± 2.6/ 43.33 ± 3.6 |
24.2 ± 6.4/ 25.6 ± 4.3 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 5/4* | 6 |
| Borghi-silva et al. (23), USA | 20(65%)/ 14(86%) |
67 ± 10/ 67 ± 10 |
33 ± 9/ 35 ± 11 |
25 ± 4/ 24 ± 5 |
/ | / | 6MWD VO2peak |
0/6 | 5 |
| Borghi-silva et al. (24), USA | 10(70%)/ 10(50%) |
67 ± 7/ 66 ± 10 |
32 ± 11/ 35 ± 12 |
23.4 ± 4.4/ 27.2 ± 4.7 |
/ | / | 6MWD VO2peak |
7/5 | 5 |
| de Souto Araujo et al. (25), Brazil | 13(62%)/ 11(73%) |
56.9 ± 7.9/ 71.1 ± 10.1 |
39.2 ± 11.4/ 45.1 ± 12.6 |
30 ± 10.1/ 24.4 ± 6.7 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 1/3 | 4 |
| Gallo-Silva et al. (26), Brazil | 10/9 | 66.3 ± 6.5/ 66.5 ± 9.5 |
47.9 ± 20.5/ 47.8 ± 26.2 |
23.2 ± 2.6/ 25.7 ± 6.1 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 2/3 | 6 |
| Mehri et al. (27), Iran | 20(55%)/ 18(39%) |
52.1 ± 10.7/ 52.17 ± 11.6 |
/ |
/ | / | / | VO2peak | 0/0 | 5 |
| Petersen et al. (28), Denmark | 9(22%)/ 10(40%) |
67 ± 3/ 66 ± 3 |
33 ± 5/ 30 ± 4 |
23 ± 2/ 26 ± 2 |
/ | / | VO2 max | 0/4 | 5 |
| Pradella et al. (29), Brazil | 29(79%)/ 15(87%) |
62.4 ± 10.7/ 65.3 ± 8 |
43.9 ± 16.2/ 54 ± 22.2 |
25.2 ± 5/ 26.7 ± 5.3 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 3/3 | 5 |
| Wiyono et al. (30), Indonesia | 27(93%)/ 29(96%) |
64.3 ± 6.3/ 67.2 ± 4.5 |
/ |
19.7 ± 8.5/ 20.2 ± 6.4 |
/ | / | 6MWD VO2 max |
3/1 | 5 |
| Resistance exercise | |||||||||
| Casaburi et al. (31), USA | 12 (100%)/ 12(100%) |
68.9 ± 9.8/ 67.7 ± 8.7 |
35.9 ± 9.2/ 38.6 ± 12.1 |
27.57/ 26.31 |
Total lean mass | Leg press | VO2peak | 1/1 | 5 |
| Clark et al. (32), Scotland | 26(58%)/ 17(59%) |
51 ± 10/ 46 ± 11 |
76 ± 23/ 79 ± 23 |
26 ± 4/ 26 ± 4 |
BMI | Quadriceps | VO2 max | 5 | |
| Chen et al. (33), China | 25(88%)/ 22(68%) |
69.04 ± 8.07/ 64.95 ± 11.59 |
54.49 ± 23.62/ 54.93 ± 25.58 |
23.86 ± 3.9/ 24.15 ± 3.93 |
/ | Quadriceps | 6MWD | 4/4 | 6 |
| Hoff et al. (34), USA | 6(67%)/ 6(67%) |
62.8 ± 1.4/ 60.6 ± 3 |
32.9 ± 3.3/ 39.5 ± 6.4 |
26.27/ 26.65 |
BMI | Leg press | VO2peak | 0/0 | 6 |
| Janaudis-Ferreira et al. (35), Canada | 17(53%)/ 19(37%) |
67 ± 11/ 67 ± 11 |
37.8 ± 16.2/ 32.5 ± 14.1 |
27.9 ± 7.9/ 25.7 ± 8.2 |
/ | Biceps Triceps Anterior Middle deltoids |
/ | 4/1* | 9 |
| Nyberg et al. (36), Sweden | 22(55%)/ 22(50%) |
69 ± 5/ 68 ± 6 |
59 ± 11/ 55 ± 15 |
26 ± 4/ 25 ± 5 |
/ | Shoulder flexion Knee extension |
6MWD | 2/2* | 8 |
| O'shea et al. (37), Australia | 27/27 | 66.9 ± 7/ 68.4 ± 9.9 |
49 ± 25/ 52 ± 22 |
25.5 ± 5.1/ 27.8 ± 7.9 |
/ | Knee extension Hip abduction Shoulder horizontal flexion Shoulder flexion |
6MWD | 7/3* | 7 |
| Thabitha et al. (38), India | 30 | / | / | / | / | / | 6MWD VO2peak |
/ | 4 |
| Simpson et al. (39), Canada | 14(35%)/ 14(71%) |
73 ± 4.8/ 70 ± 5.7 |
39.5 ± 18.96/ 39.2 ± 21.39 |
/ | / | Elbow flexion Quadriceps Leg press |
6MWD VO2 max |
3/3 | 6 |
| Zambom-Ferraresi et al. (40), Spain | 14(100%)/ 8(100%) |
68 ± 7/ 69 ± 5 |
48 ± 12/ 39.7 ± 5 |
28.5 ± 3.9/ 25.7 ± 4.6 |
/ | Leg press Chest press |
6MWD VO2peak |
1/1 | 7 |
| Combined exercise | |||||||||
| Cameron-Tucker et al. (41), Australia | 43(53%)/ 41(54%) |
64.5 ± 9.3/ 67.1 ± 9.41 |
/ | 28.4 ± 7.63/ 29.7 ± 6.5 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 5/10* | 6 |
| Emery et al. (42), USA | 30(50%)/ 24(42%) |
65.4 ± 6.4/ 67.4 ± 5.9 |
43 ± 18/ 43 ± 18 |
/ | / | / | VO2 max | 4/2* | 6 |
| Lahham et al. (43), Australia | 29(59%)/ 29(59%) |
68 ± 9/ 67 ± 10 |
90 ± 8/ 92 ± 7 |
28 ± 4.5/ 28 ± 4.3 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 3/4* | 8 |
| Mendes et al. (44), Brazil | 23(83%)/ 29(66%) |
71.3 ± 6.7/ 70.8 ± 8.7 |
51.5 ± 23.9/ 41.4 ± 18.4 |
23.5 ± 4.2/ 24.6 ± 6.3 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 23/0 | 4 |
| Nakamura et al. (45), Japan | 10/ 10 |
69 ± 8.7/ 69.9 ± 7.1 |
53.2 ± 15.1/ 48.2 ± 20.1 |
21.9 ± 3.5/ 21.6 ± 3 |
/ | HGF | 6MWD VO2peak |
/ | 5 |
| Tsai et al. (46), Australia | 19(63%)/ 17(35%) |
78 ± 3/ 75 ± 9 |
60 ± 23/ 68 ± 19 |
28 ± 4/ 28 ± 5 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 1/0 | 8 |
| van Wetering et al. (47), Netherlands | 102(71%)/ 97(71%) |
65.9 ± 8.8 / 67.2 ± 8.9 |
58 ± 17/ 60 ± 15 |
26.1 ± 4.4/ 27.3 ± 4.7 |
BMI FFMI |
HGF Quadriceps |
6MWD | 15/9* | 7 |
| Wadell et al. (48), Canada | 17(53%)/ 24(54%) |
68 ± 6/ 66 ± 7 |
48 ± 12/ 48 ± 19 |
26.7 ± 4.9/ 28.9 ± 4.3 |
/ | Knee extension | 6MWD | 3/ 4* |
6 |
| Wadell et al. (49), Sweden | 15(33%)/ 13(54%) |
65 ± 7/ 63 ± 7 |
53 ± 12/ 49 ± 12 |
/ | / | / | VO2peak | 1/ 1* |
6 |
| Weiner et al. (50), Israel | 18/ 5 |
63.2 ± 2.3/ 60.1 ± 2.8 |
35 ± 2.2/ 36 ± 1.9 |
23.84/ 24.84 |
/ | / | 6MWD | 1/1* | 5 |
| Zambom-Ferraresi et al. (40), Spain | 14(100%)/ 8(100%) |
68 ± 7/ 69 ± 5 |
44.3 ± 11.9/ 39.7 ± 5 |
29.3 ± 6.4/ 25.7 ± 4.6 |
/ | Leg press Chest press |
6MWD VO2peak |
2/1 | 7 |
6MWD, 6-min walking distance; HGF, Handgrip force; I/C, Intervention group/Control group; RM, Repetition maximum; VO2, Oxygen uptake.
/Not accessible;
*
Attrition number is included in the sample size.