Table 4.
Grading of recommendations assessment, development, and evaluation summary of findings.
| Certainty Assessment | No. of Patients | Effect | Certainty | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcomes | No. of Studies | Study design | Risk of bias | Inconsistency | Indirectness | Imprecision | Other considerations | EG | CG | Relative (95% CI) | Absolute (95% CI) | |
| BMI | 3 | Randomized trials | Seriousa | Seriousb | Not serious | Seriousc | None | 134 | 120 | – | MD 0.11 lower (1.13 lower to 0.91 higher) | ⊕◯◯◯ Very low |
| Skeletal muscle strength | 13 | Randomized trials | Seriousa | Seriousb | Not serious | Not serious | None | 660 | 628 | – | SMD 3.48 higher (1.81 to 5.15 higher) | ⊕⊕◯◯ Low |
| 6MWD | 22 | Randomized trials | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 557 | 514 | – | MD 12.76 higher (11.69 to 13.82 higher) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate |
| VO2peak | 13 | Randomized trials | Seriousa | Not serious | Not serious | Not serious | None | 242 | 209 | – | MD 1.82 higher (0.62 to 3.02 higher) | ⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate |
a
Most of the studies are without allocation concealment, subject blinded and intention-to-treatment analysis.
b
There was a substantial heterogeneity among the three studies according to the heterogeneity test.
c
Only three studies were included in the analysis, and the sample size was relatively low.