Fig. 4.

Hypoxia alleviation in vitro. (a) Schematic diagram of oxygen production by the engineered photosynthesis. (b) Western blotting analysis of HIF-1α and VEGF protein levels from 4T1 cancer cells after different treatments. The corresponding quantitative analysis of (c) HIF-1α and (d) VEGF protein expressions treated with different groups based on western blotting results. (e) CLSM images of 4T1 cancer cells exposed to [Ru(dpp)₃]Cl₂ probe after different treatments (Pre-CAP [400 μg mL⁻¹]; Cb-Vp [Cb:5 × 10⁷ cell mL⁻¹, Vp:0.3 μg mL⁻¹]; L refers to white LED re-excitation for 2 min).