TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics by patterns of atrial fibrillation
|
Px (N = 963) |
Ps (N = 604) |
Pm (N = 1479) |
Pair‐wise P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Px vs Ps | Px vs Pm | Ps vs Pm | ||||
| Demographics | ||||||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 65.9 (11.3) | 66.8 (11.1) | 68.1 (11.0) | 0.105 | <0.001 | 0.019 |
| Female, No. (%) | 461 (47.9%) | 221 (36.6%) | 578 (39.1%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.862 |
| BMI, mean (SD), m2/kg | 25.2 (4.7) | 25.5 (4.7) | 25.1 (4.8) | 0.297 | 0.654 | 0.132 |
| Medical history | ||||||
| Current smoker, No. (%) | 20 (2.1%) | 20 (3.3%) | 58 (3.9%) | 0.132 | 0.011 | 0.506 |
| Alcohol use, No. (%) | 31 (3.2%) | 26 (4.3%) | 71 (4.8%) | 0.264 | 0.056 | 0.626 |
| Hypertension, No. (%) | 642 (66.7%) | 409 (67.7%) | 1032 (69.8%) | 0.667 | 0.106 | 0.355 |
| Diabetes, No. (%) | 242 (25.1%) | 147 (24.3%) | 368 (24.9%) | 0.724 | 0.890 | 0.794 |
| CAD, No. (%) | 162 (16.8%) | 116 (19.2%) | 202 (13.7%) | 0.229 | 0.032 | 0.001 |
| Stroke/TIA, No. (%) | 141 (14.6%) | 94 (15.6%) | 284 (19.2%) | 0.619 | 0.004 | 0.051 |
| Vascular disease, No. (%) | 168 (17.4%) | 125 (20.7%) | 215 (14.5%) | 0.108 | 0.053 | 0.001 |
| CHF, No. (%) | 154 (15.9%) | 172 (28.5%) | 404 (27.3%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.591 |
| Abnormal renal function, N (%) | 30 (3.1%) | 21 (3.5%) | 44 (3.0%) | 0.695 | 0.843 | 0.550 |
| Abnormal liver function, No. (%) | 22 (2.3%) | 16 (2.6%) | 33 (2.2%) | 0.648 | 0.931 | 0.568 |
| Dementia, No. (%) | 6 (0.6%) | 4 (0.7%) | 14 (0.9%) | 0.924 | 0.386 | 0.525 |
| Bleeding history, No. (%) | 88 (9.1%) | 52 (8.6%) | 159 (10.8%) | 0.721 | 0.197 | 0.142 |
| Medications | ||||||
| Antiplatelet, No. (%) | 289 (30.0%) | 188 (31.1%) | 332 (22.4%) | 0.640 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| OAC, No. (%) | 646 (67.1%) | 448 (74.2%) | 1192 (80.6%) | 0.003 | <0.001 | 0.001 |
| VKA, No. (%) | 557 (57.8%) | 415 (68.7%) | 1131 (76.5%) | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.182 |
| DOACs, No. (%) | 89 (9.2%) | 33 (5.5%) | 61 (4.1%) | 0.007 | <0.001 | 0.182 |
| Antiplatelet and OAC, No. (%) | 101 (10.5%) | 70 (11.6%) | 104 (7.0%) | 0.885 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Risk scores | ||||||
| CHA2DS2‐VASc, mean (SD) | 2.82 (1.7) | 2.95 (1.6) | 3.08 (1.6) | 0.119 | <0.001 | 0.102 |
| HASBLED, mean (SD) | 1.44 (1.0) | 1.51 (1.0) | 1.61 (1.0) | 0.140 | <0.001 | 0.042 |
| Stroke risk*, NO. (%) | ||||||
| Low | 142 (14.7%) | 48 (7.9%) | 94 (6.7%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.191 |
| Intermediate | 168 (17.4%) | 116 (19.2%) | 139 (16.2%) | 0.379 | 0.405 | 0.093 |
| High | 653 (67.8%) | 440 (72.8%) | 1146 (77.5%) | 0.035 | <0.001 | 0.024 |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; CAD, coronary artery disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; DOAC, direct oral anticoagulant; OAC, oral anticoagulant; Pm, permanent atrial fibrillation; Ps, persistent atrial fibrillation; Px, paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; SD, standard deviation; VKA, vitamin K antagonist.
*
Stroke risks were categorized as low (CHA2DS2‐VASc score = 0 in males, or 1 in female), intermediate (CHA2DS2‐VASc score of 1 in males or 2 in females), and high (CHA2DS2‐VASc score ≥2 in males or ≥3 in females).