TABLE 2.
Causes of death by pattern of atrial fibrillation
| Causes of death | Paroxysmal AF (N = 56) | Persistent AF (N = 59) | Permanent AF (N = 125) | Total deaths (N = 240) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CV death | 19 (33.9%) | 21 (35.6%) | 42 (33.6%) | 82 (34.2%) |
| Heart failure | 8 | 3 | 9 | 20 |
| Sudden cardiac death | 2 | 4 | 7 | 13 |
| Myocardial infarction | 1 | 4 | 4 | 9 |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 6 | 3 | 13 | 22 |
| Stroke | 1 | 4 | 9 | 14 |
| Other CV deaths | 1 | 3 | 0 | 4 |
| Non‐CV death | 26 (46.4%) | 26 (44.1%) | 58 (46.4%) | 110 (45.8%) |
| Infection/Sepsis | 16 | 15 | 30 | 61 |
| Malignancy | 2 | 3 | 8 | 13 |
| Pulmonary | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 |
| Trauma | 1 | 0 | 3 | 4 |
| Hemorrhage with neither CV bleeding or stroke | 1 | 2 | 6 | 9 |
| Other non‐CV deaths | 4 | 4 | 9 | 17 |
| Undetermined | 11 (19.6%) | 12 (20.3%) | 25 (20%) | 48 (20%) |
Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CV, cardiovascular.