Table 1.
Light sources | Wavelength (typical) (nm) | Illumination optics (typical) | Irradiance |
---|---|---|---|
Light emitting diodes/ Xe lamps | 400–700 | Macro/microscope objective | 10 mW mm-2 Funken et al., 2019, 2020 |
Continuous wave laser (single photon) | 400–700 | Microscope (1 μm × 1 μm spot) | 5–10 μW μm-2 Centonze and White, 1998 |
Ultrashort pulsed laser (two photon) | 700–1100 | Microscope (1 μm × 1 μm spot) | 5–10 mW μm-2 Bush et al., 2007 |
The wavelengths are chosen to represent common voltage/ Ca2+ fluorescent indicators and optogenetic applications.