Table 1.
Characteristics of the eligible studies.
| Study | Sample | Age, body composition, or anthropometrics | Canoe slalom modality | Outcome of interest |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hunter et al. (2008) | * | # | K1, C1 | Technical |
| Messias et al. (2015) | N = 12 males—Elite (Brazilian national team) | Age = 18 ± 2 years Body mass = 68.1 ± 0.6 kg |
K1 | Mechanical |
| Height = 174 ± 1 cm | ||||
| Body fat = 10.3 ± 0.1 % | ||||
| Vieira et al. (2015) | N = 6 males—High-performance (5 classified the top eight in the Brazilian Canoe Confederation national rankings) | Age = 17 ± 2 years Body mass = 68.0 ± 5.0 kg Height = 175 ± 6 cm |
K1 | Technical, physiological |
| Ferrari et al. (2017) | N = 12 males—Elite (Brazilian national team) | Age = 18 ± 2 years Body mass = 68.1 ± 0.6 kg Height = 174 ± 1 cm |
K1 | Physiological |
| Bielik et al. (2019) | N = 42 males—Olympic medalists (N = 6) and non-Olympics (N = 36) from Slovak national team |
Olympic Medalists Age = 22 ± 1 years Body mass = 76.6 ± 1.3 kg |
K1, C1, C2 | Physiological, mechanical |
| Height = 181 ± 1 cm | ||||
| Body fat = 9.6 ± 0.7 % | ||||
| Non-Olympics | ||||
| Age = 32 ± 3 years | ||||
| Body mass = 82.2 ± 5.9 kg | ||||
| Height = 184 ± 9 cm | ||||
| Body fat = 9.4 ± 2.0 % | ||||
| Macdermid et al. (2019) | N = 8 males—Competitive (of the New Zealand Slalom development team) | Body mass = 65.8 ± 6.0 kg Height = 173 ± 4 cm |
K1 | Mechanical |
| Baláš et al. (2020) | N = 18 males—High performance elite athletes of international level (N = 9) and elite athletes of national level (N = 9) from Czech Republic |
High performance Age = 24 ± 7 years Body mass = 75.2 ± 5.6 kg |
C1 | Technical |
| Height = 180 ± 4 cm | ||||
| Elite | ||||
| Age = 19 ± 4 years | ||||
| Body mass = 72.5 ± 4.4 kg | ||||
| Height = 180 ± 2 cm | ||||
| Bielik et al. (2020) | N = 19 males—Medalists (N = 11) and non-medalists (N = 8) at the Junior/U23 European and World Championships from Slovak national team |
Medalists Age = 18 ± 1 years Body mass = 75.4 ± 4.6 kg |
K1, C1, C2 | Physiological, mechanical |
| Height = 176 ± 4 cm | ||||
| Body fat = 12.9 ± 2.3 % | ||||
| Non-medalists | ||||
| Age = 19 ± 1 years | ||||
| Body mass = 73.6 ± 6.3 kg | ||||
| Height = 179 ± 4 cm | ||||
| Body fat = 8.9 ± 3.0 % |
*
Authors used the number of races as samples rather than athletes.
#
Data not presented in the study.
K1, kayak single; C1, canoe single; C2, canoe double.