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. 2021 Nov 18;12:786338. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786338

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Copyright © 2021 Heisler.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Proposals for how the ad-ab boundary might influence leaf morphogenesis. (A) Model for the establishment and function of a boundary-localized organizer in animals. Short-range signaling between dorsal (red) and ventral (green) cells results in the formation of a specialized boundary cell type (blue) corresponding to an organizer. The boundary cell type produces long-range signals that act to pattern the surrounding tissue according to concentration thresholds. Adapted from Meinhardt (1983). (B) A model for how the ad-ab boundary might influence leaf morphogenesis. A polarity field is invoked, Kper, that is perpendicular to the proximodistal axis (Kpd) and begins at the organ surface and ends at the ad-ab boundary. Growth is specifically reduced along Kper relative to the other two orthogonal directions Kpd and Kop. This assumption is sufficient for model simulations to generate a flattened leaf as well as other observed leaf morphologies, regardless of the initial shape of the primordium. Modified from Whitewoods et al. (2020).