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. 2021 Nov 18;8:758518. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2021.758518

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Copyright © 2021 Arnone, Vallier, Hergalant, Chabot, Ndiaye, Moulin, Aignatoaei, Alberto, Louis, Boulard, Mayeur, Dreumont, Peuker, Strigli, Zeissig, Hansmannel, Chamaillard, Kökten and Peyrin-Biroulet.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Incomplete recovery of microbiota dysbiosis. (A) α-diversity measured by Chao index of NC-fed, HFHS-fed, or HFHS+NC-fed (N = 10 per group) mice at baseline B. (B) Evolution of species richness measured by a fold change of Chao index at day zero (D0) relative to B. (C) Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of Jaccard β-diversity index showing NC-fed, HFHS-fed, or HFHS+NC-fed mice, at B and D0. (D–H) Fold change of abundances at D0 relative to B of the five operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified as an indicator for diet in the 8-weeks experiment (see Supplementary Figure 6 and EV8). (I) Prevalence of indicated OTUs at D0 after 16 weeks of NC, HFHS, or NC following HFHS.