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. 2021 Nov 18;13:748929. doi: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.748929

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Copyright © 2021 Kearns, Jayasi, Liu, Wang, Shi, Chung, La, Tang and Bae.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Repeated morphine treatment decreases excitatory synaptic strength in tonic firing neurons in SDH. (A) Representative trace of tonic firing neurons. (B) (top) Representative traces of sEPSC and (bottom) sEPSC frequency (effect size:–3.44, p = 0.018; Vehicle: N = 3, n = 12; Morphine: N = 5, n = 16). ^∗p < 0.05 by Welch’s t test. (C) (top) Representative traces of eEPSC and (bottom) Stimulus-responsive curve of eEPSC [F_(1,5.92) = 25.56, p = 0.002; Vehicle (N = 4, n = 9); Morphine (N = 3, n = 7)]. ^∗∗p < 0.01 vs. vehicle by Sidak’s multiple comparison test following multilevel analysis.