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. 2021 Nov 18;12:791764. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.791764

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Copyright © 2021 Tcheou, Raskin, Singh, Kawabata, Bielak, Sun, González-Domínguez, Sather, García-Sastre, Palese, Krammer and Carreño

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Reactivity of sera from vaccinated rats against the spike of variants of concern (VOCs). Antibody levels against the spike protein from B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and B.1.617.2 variants of concern (VOCs) and wild type (WT) spike were measured by ELISA in sera from vaccinated rats 30 days after the first vaccine dose administration (left panel). Antibody levels are expressed as area under the curve (AUC). As a control for antigen coating among the different spike proteins used, the reactivity towards the histidine tag present in all the recombinant proteins used is shown (right panel). Geometric mean with geometric standard deviation (SD) for the IN control, IM control, IN vaccinated, IM vaccinated, and IN-IM vaccinated groups is shown. Statistically significant differences between the reactivity against the spike of variants of concern (VOCs) and wild type spike are shown. Statistical significance is indicated as follows: ****P < 0.0001.