Table 1.
Characteristics of Participants (N = 440)
| Variables | All N=440 |
|---|---|
| Age (year) | 52.5 (43, 61) |
| Gender (male), n (%) | 176 (40) |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 84 (14.9) |
| Regular drinking (years) | 8 (2.5, 27) |
| Regular exercise, n (%) | 321 (72.9) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.81 (25.5, 34.2) |
| Average DBP (mmHg) | 76 (69, 84) |
| Average SBP (mmHg) | 132 (119, 143) |
| Heart disease, n (%) | 50 (11.3) |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 181 (41.1) |
| TIA or stroke, n (%) | 21 (4.7) |
| Anemia or blood disease, n (%) | 68 (15.4) |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 72 (16.3) |
| Emphysema/COPD, n (%) | 12 (2.7) |
| Cancer, n (%) | 64 (14.5) |
| Biochemical test | |
| Blood triglycerides (mg/dl) | 104 (74, 153) |
| Blood total cholesterol (mg/dl) | 181.5 (160, 209) |
| Blood HDL-C (mg/dl) | 53 (43, 65) |
| Blood LDL-C (mg/dl) | 100 (79.25, 127.75) |
| BMD-lunar total femur (g/cm2) | 1.02 (0.91, 1.12) |
| BMD-lunar radius UD (g/cm2) | 0.51 (0.43, 0.57) |
| BMD-lunar radius 1/3 (g/cm2) | 0.92 (0.84, 1) |
| BMD-femoral neck (g/cm2) | 0.99 (0.88, 1.11) |
| T-score lunar total femur | −0.3 (−1, 0.6) |
| T-score lunar femur neck | −0.6 (−1.3, 0.2) |
| T-score lunar radius 1/3 | −0.1 (−0.8, 0.6) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIA, transient ischemic attacks; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; BMD, bone mineral density; UD, ultradistal.