Table 1.
Summary of vaccine efficacy, dosing strategy, and side-effects of different COVID-19 vaccines.
| Company | Phase-III efficacy against non-variant COVID-19 strain % (95% CI) | Injection type | Pooled side effects across doses (%frequency, n) | Storage | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BioNTech/Pfizer (Germany/USA) | Dual dose: 94.1% (89.8–97.6) at ⩾35 days Single dose: 92.6% (69.0–98.3) between days 14–28 |
IM (2 doses) | Phase-II trial results 1. Injection site pain (80.6%, n = 3536) 2. Fatigue (53.1%, n = 2332) 3. Headache (46.6%, n = 2044) 4. Myalgia (28.9%, n = 1270) 5. Arthralgia (16.2%, n = 710) 6. Fever ⩾ 38.0°C (9.5%, n = 416) 7. Vomiting (1.5%, n = 68) * data for 18–55 years old |
−70°C | 31,32 |
| Moderna (USA) | Dual dose: 94.1% (89.3–96.8) at ⩾42 days Single dose: 92.1% (68.8–99.1) between days 14–28 |
IM (2 doses) | Phase-II trial results 1. Pain at the injection site (92.0%, n = 13,970) 2. Fatigue (70.0%, n = 10,630) 3. Headache (64.7%, n = 9825) 4. Myalgia (61.5%, n = 9339) 5. Arthralgia (46.4%, n = 7046) 6. Chills (45.4%, n = 6894) 7. Nausea/vomiting (23.0%, n = 3493) 8. Axillary swelling (19.8%, n = 3007) 9. Fever (15.5%, n = 2354) 10. Injection site swelling (14.7%, n = 2232) 11. Injection site erythema (10.0%, n = 1519) * data for ⩾18 years old |
−25°C and −15°C | 33,34 |
| AstraZeneca (UK) | Dual dose: 66.7% (57·4–74·0) at 104 days Single dose: 76% (59·3–85·9) between days 22–90 |
IM (2 doses) | Phase-II trial results 1. Pain at the injection site (63.7%, n = 7657) 2. Tenderness at the injection site (54.2%, n = 6515) 3. Fatigue (53.1%, n = 6383) 4. Headache (52.6%, n = 6323) 5. Malaise (44.2%, n = 5313) 6. Myalgia (44.0%, n = 5289) 7. Chills (31.9%, n = 3835) 8. Arthralgia (26.4%, n = 3174) 9. Fever ⩾ 38.0°C (7.9%, n = 950) * data for ⩾18 years old with at least one dose |
2°C–8°C | 35,36 |
| Janssen/Johnson & Johnson (Netherlands/US) | Single dose: Symptomatic 66.3% (59.9–71.8) Hospitalization 93% (71–98) |
IM (1 dose) | Phase-I trial results 1. Injection site pain 2. Fatigue 3. Headache 4. Myalgia 5. Nausea 6. Pyrexia * data for 18–55 years old |
2°C–8°C | 20,37 |
| Gamaleya Sputnik V Gam-COVID-Vac (Russia) |
Dual dose: 91.6% (85.6–95.2) Single dose: 73.6% from 15–21 days |
IM (2 doses) | Pooled phase-I and phase-II trial results 1. Hyperthermia (68%, n = 27) 2. Injection site pain (50%, n = 20) 3. Headache (40%, n = 16) 4. Asthenia (38%, n = 15) 5. Myalgia/arthralgia (28%, n = 11) 6. Rhinorrhoea (10%, n = 4) * data for 18–60 years old |
−18°C or 2°C–8°C | 21,38 |
| SinoVac (China) | Dual dose: Symptomatic: 50.7% Moderate hospitalization: 83.7% Severe hospitalization: 100% |
IM (2 doses) | Phase-II trial results 1. Injection site pain (11.2%, n = 27) 2. Diarrhea (2.5%, n = 6) 3. Fever (2.0%, n = 5) 4. Fatigue (1.7%, n = 4) 5. Myalgia (1.3%, n = 3) 6. Headache (0.8%, n = 2) *data for 18–59 years old, 3-μg dose on days 0 and 14 |
2°C–8°C | 22,26 |
| Bharat Biotech COVAXIN BBV152 (India) |
Dual dose: Asymptomatic 63.6% (29·0–82·4) Mild: 77.8% (65·2–86·4) Severe: 93.4% (57·1–99·8) |
IM (2 dose) | Phase-II trial results 1. Fever (3.2%, n = 12) 2. Injection site pain (2.9%, n = 11) 3. Body ache (1.3%, n = 5) 4. Headache (1.1%, n = 4) 5. Weakness (0.8%, n = 3) * data for 12–65 years old, 6 μg + adjuvant |
2°C–8°C | 39,40 |
| Sinopharm BBIBP-CorV (China) |
Dual dose: 78.1% (64.9–86.3) |
IM (2 doses) | Phase-I trial results 1. Injection site pain (12%, n = 10) 2. Injection site swelling (4%, n = 3) 3. Fever (4%, n = 3) 4. Nausea (2%, n = 2) 5. Headache (1%, n = 1) 6. Fatigue (1%, n = 1) * data for 18–59 years-old, 4 μg on days 0 and 21 |
2°C–8°C | 41,42 |
| Novavax (USA) | Dual dose: 89.7% (80.2–94.6) |
IM (2 doses) | Phase-I trial results 1. Local tenderness (71.7%, n = 81) 2. Injection site pain (52.2%, n = 59) 3. Myalgia (42.5%, n = 48) 4. Fatigue (39.8%, n = 45) 5. Headache (38.1%, n = 43) 6. Malaise (25.7%, n = 29) * data for 18–59 years old, 5 μg + adjuvant, 25 μg + adjuvant |
2°C–8°C | 43,44 |
| Medicago (Canada) | – | IM (2 doses) | Phase-I trial results 1. Injection site pain (97.4%, n = 38) 2. Fatigue (48.7%, n = 19) 3. Headache (43.6%, n = 17) 4. Chills (30.8%, n = 12) 5. Injection site swelling (23.1%, n = 9) 6. Myalgia (20.5%, n = 8) 7. Fever (17.9%, n = 7) 8. Injection site redness (17.9%, n = 7) 9. Arthralgia (7.7%, n = 3) * data for 18–55 years old, 3.75 μg dose + adjuvant |
2°C–8°C | 45 |
| CureVac CVnCoV (Germany) |
47% | IM (2 doses) | Phase-I trial results 1. Fatigue (96.3%, n = 52) 2. Injection site pain (88.9%, n = 48) 3. Headache (87.0%, n = 47) 4. Chills (83.3%, n = 45) 5. Myalgia (75.9%, n = 41) 6. Fever (55.6%, n = 30) 7. Arthralgia (50.0%, n = 27) 8. Nausea/vomiting (33.3%, n = 18) 9. Diarrhea (14.8%, n = 8) * data for 18–60 years old, 12-μg dose |
2°C–8°C | 46,47 |
| CanSino (China) | – | IM (1 dose) | Phase-I trial results 1. Injection site pain (56.8%, n = 217) 2. Fatigue (39.2%, n = 150) 3. Headache (28.5%, n = 109) 4. Fever (26.9%, n = 103) 5. Myalgia (16.2%, n = 62) 6. Arthralgia (12.3%, n = 47) * data for 18 years old or older, 1 × 1011 viral particle dose, 5 × 1010 viral particle dose |
2°C–8°C | 48 |
| Anhui Zhifei Longcom (China) | – | IM (2–3 doses) | Phase-I trial results 1. Injection site itch (19%, n = 29) 2. Injection site redness (16%, n = 24) 3. Injection site swelling (14%, n = 21) 4. Injection site pain (12%, n = 18) 5. Fever (8%, n = 12) 6. Headache (2%, n = 3) * data for 18–59 years old, 25-μg, 3-dose regimen |
2°C–8°C | 49 |
CI, confidence interval; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; IM, intramuscular.