TABLE 4.

Example Questions for Evaluation of the Validity of the Model

Category	Question (on a Likert scale unless otherwise indicated)
Anatomy	How useful do you perceive the model to be for learning relevant anatomy in a tumor resection surgery?
	How useful do you perceive the model to be for learning where to properly place the craniotomy, based on the location of the intracranial pathology?
	How accurate do you perceive the tactile feedback to be of the neurologic component?
Surgical skills	Would this tool be valuable for training neurosurgeons in the principles of neuro-oncological surgery?
	Would this tool be valuable for training neurosurgeons in the skills necessary for microsurgical resection of intra-axial brain lesions?
	Would this tool be valuable for learning the principles of cortical mapping techniques?
	Would this tool be valuable for learning the principles of subcortical mapping techniques?
	Would you have wanted this tool as part of your own training in neurosurgery? (Yes/No)
	How similar do you perceive the model to be to cortical mapping on a real patient?
Overall	How easy do you perceive the device to be to operate?
	Would this tool be valuable to inexperienced neurosurgeons for preoperative planning?
	Would this tool be valuable to experienced neurosurgeons for preoperative planning?
	Would this tool be useful for patient education and preoperative discussions?
	How useful do you perceive the tool to be for rehearsing surgical scenarios and enhancing multidisciplinary teamwork (with anesthesiologists, neurologists, neuropsychologists, and neurophysiologists)?
	How valuable do you perceive this tool to be for educational purposes and as a supplement to neurosurgical education and training?