Table 2.

Significant cyberattacks that affected hospital performance.

	Case	Type	Year	Reported Effects	Financial Cost	Duration (days)
Pre-2020 samples	WannaCry, half of Britain's NHS Including 16 major health centers6,29	Ransomware	2017	200,000 PCs and 1200 equipment	$125M	14
				Cancellation of 20,000 appointments
	Boston Children's Hospital30–32	DDoS attack	2014	Websites, internal and external network	$300,000	14
	Montpellier University hospital30,33	Phishing	2019	649 -6000 Pc and equipment	Not reported,	5–7
	Hollywood Presbyterian Medical Center26,34	Ransomware	2016	Full shutdown in PC, Email, Equipment, Networks	Demanded 9000 bitcoins	10
2020 and later	Champaign-Urbana Public Health District's27,35	Ransomware	2020	Internal and external network access	Not reported	<14
	Vermont Hospital36,37	Ransomware	2020	Hacking HER, delays in various departments	$1.5 M per day	<7
	UVM Health cyberattack27,38	Ransomware	2020	5000 PC, network. Shutdown IT and Med Centers	$63 M	40
				Postponed services during the incident
	Maryland hospital 39	Ransomware	2020	Network shutdown, continue operations	Not reported	2
				Postponed scheduled appointment
	Six U.S. hospitals27,40	Ransomware	2020	Networks. using Paper record	2000 new PC	7–14
				demanded $1M
				Diverted ambulances during the downtime
				Postponed elective procedures and services.