Table 2.

Suggestions for Research and Clinical Practice with Transgender Persons

Cardiovascular Research	Clinical Practice
• Develop standardized sexual orientation and gender identity measures and integrate these in current and future NIH-funded cardiovascular prospective cohort studies to allow for data harmonization • Integrate biobehavioral measures into cardiovascular research with transgender populations • Interrogate research methods and choose measures that avoid perpetuating discrimination (e.g., reevaluate the use of BMI as a measure of body composition) • Leverage electronic health record data to increase understanding of transgender cardiovascular health	• Ensure collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data in electronic health records through providing clinicians with training on transgender health disparities and the proper assessment of sexual orientation and gender identity in healthcare settings • Incorporate transgender content in the curricula of health professions schools and post-graduate training • Require continuing education on transgender health for all practicing clinicians that includes content on cardiovascular health disparities
• Partner with transgender communities for measurement development, study design and conduct, and research dissemination to ensure research reflects the needs of transgender persons, especially stigmatized groups
• Develop and test multi-level interventions for cardiovascular risk reduction in transgender adults
• Examine social and clinical determinants of cardiovascular health in transgender adults
• Characterize the role of resilience in buffering the cardiovascular effects of stress in transgender people