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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jan 15.
Published in final edited form as: Arch Biochem Biophys. 2020 Nov 2;697:108659. doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108659

Table 2.

Tentative metabolism targeting approaches for tumor immunotherapy

Drugs Targets Consequences Effects
2-Deoxyglucose Hexokinase Inhibits glycolysis Increase CD8+ T cell memory and cytotoxic activity [95]
PD-1 blocking Antibodies PD-1 Inhibits glycolysis Reinvigorating Exhausted T Cells [207]
Rapamycin mTOR Inhibits glycolysis Promote memory CD8+ T cell differentiation [174]
Metformin AMPK Promote ATP production Increase tumor CD8+ T cell infiltration and differentiation [180]
Diclofenac MCT1 & MCT4 Reduce lactate efflux Delay tumor growth, reverse tumor acidification, preserve T cell function and improve immune checkpoint therapy [14]
AZD3965 MCT1 Reduce lactate export into TME Increase tumor immune cell infiltration [122]
Lenalidomide MCT1-CD147 ligation Reduce lactate export into TME Increase IL-2 and IFN-γ production in T cells [123]
6-diazo-5-oxo-L-norleucine (DON) Glutamine-requiring enzymes Decrease glutamine supply Increase longevity and activity of effector T cells [139]
INCB024360 IDO1 Inhibit tryptophan catabolism Promote T and NK cells proliferation and IFN-γ production, reduce conversion to Tregs [208]
GDC-0919 IDO1 Inhibit tryptophan catabolism Restore CD8+ T cell activity [209]
Fenofibrate PPAR Promote T cell FAO Increase tumor CD8+ T cell infiltration [170]