Table 2. Results of comparisons between each major group via pANCOVA, for the analysis of Σm_muscle v. m_body.

Anatomical region		Test	Mammals v. reptiles					Mammals v. bipeds					Reptiles v. bipeds
			df	F	P	F†	P†	df	F	P	F†	P†	df	F	P	F†	P†
Forelimb	Whole	S	2.29	1.442	0.24	32.465	<0.001
		I	2.29	1.639	0.211	33.14	<0.001
		S + I	2.28	1.08	0.353	19.112	<0.001
	Proximal	S	2.30	1.008	0.324	25.295	<0.001
		I	2.30	1.114	0.3	27.243	<0.001
		S + I	2.29	0.73	0.491	14.967	<0.001
	Distal	S	2.31	0.481	0.493	24.355	<0.001
		I	2.31	0.509	0.481	17.047	<0.001
		S + I	2.30	0.377	0.689	11.945	<0.001
Hindlimb	Whole	S	2.42	1.673	0.203	14.715	<0.001	2.36	5.181	0.029	11.763	0.002	2.15	21.811	<0.001	41.475	<0.001
		I	2.42	0.259	0.613	13.985	0.001	2.36	2.616	0.115	10.143	0.003	2.15	8.332	0.011	32.61	<0.001
		S + I	2.41	0.855	0.433	9.291	0.001	2.35	2.519	0.095	6.554	0.004	2.14	13.11	0.001	36.147	<0.001
	Proximal	S	2.32	4.268	0.047	16.724	<0.001	2.26	3.688	0.066	6.595	0.016	2.15	7.192	0.017	10.129	0.006
		I	2.32	0.787	0.382	9.695	0.004	2.26	2.362	0.136	5.666	0.025	2.15	3.064	0.101	8.641	0.01
		S + I	2.31	2.112	0.138	8.643	0.001	2.25	1.831	0.181	3.564	0.044	2.14	3.521	0.058	5.825	0.014
	Distal	S	2.32	0.089	0.768	8.089	0.008	2.26	9.577	0.005	26.166	<0.001	2.15	10.088	0.006	15.239	0.001
		I	2.32	0.199	0.659	15.57	<0.001	2.26	5.05	0.033	26.659	<0.001	2.15	6.737	0.02	31.079	<0.001
		S + I	2.31	0.166	0.848	7.819	0.002	2.25	4.64	0.019	17.517	<0.001	2.14	6.955	0.008	17.242	<0.001

Note:

Each pairwise comparison was tested for differences in slope (S), intercept (I) and slope and intercept (S + I). Results for analyses without controlling for phylogeny are also presented (ANCOVA, †); significant results are in boldface; df = degrees of freedom.