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. 2021 Nov 18;9:755563. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.755563

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Copyright © 2021 Sbirkov, Molander, Milet, Bodurov, Atanasov, Penkov, Belev, Forraz, McGuckin and Sarafian.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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RNA-seq analysis of 3D bioprinted and 2D monolayer Caco-2 cells. (A) and (B) Gene ontology (GO) analysis (with BinGO in Cytoscape, cutoff 1.5-fold change and adj. p-value<0.05) of all differentially expressed genes showing nodes involved in cell cycle regulation and of upregulated genes in 3D bioprinted (3DBP) cells showing nodes for cell adhesion. (C–E) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) of differentially expressed genes (cutoff 1.5-fold change and adj. p-value<0.05) demonstrating enrichment for genes involved in hypoxia and cell–cell adhesion. ((C) and (E)) Negative enrichment (downregulation) of genes involved in cell cycle progression/control.