Table 2. Characteristics of included studies.
| Outcome | Types of trauma | Study design | Diagnostic criteria | Illness duration in months ± SD | Neurocognitive and functioning scales | N (PTSD, non-PTSD) | Male (%) | Mean age in years ± SD | MDD Comorbidity (PTSD%/ non-PTSD%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||||||
| PTSD | non-PTSD | PTSD | Non-PTSD | |||||||||
| Cardenas, 201134 | Cognition | Mixed | Cohort | DSM-IV | 372±72 | CVLT, Faces I and II, Family Pictures I and II, WMS-III (Digit Span and Spatial Span) | 47 (25/22)* | 100% | 100% | 50.5±6.6 | 52.1±5.6 | -- / -- |
| Emdad, 200540 | Cognition | War trauma | Cross-sectional | DSM-IV | -- | BDT, RSPM, BVRT | 40 (23/17)† | 100% | 100% | 38.65±6.23 | 37.88± 8.58 | 0% / 0% |
| Bryant, 201512 | Functioning | Mixed | Cohort | DSM-IV | 72 | WHOQOL-Bref, | 1,084 (791/293)‡ | -- | -- | -- | -- | -- / -- |
* Part of the controls was exposed to trauma; † trauma-unexposed controls; ‡ trauma-exposed controls.
BDT = Block Design Test; BVRT = Benton Visual Retention Test; CVLT = California Verbal Learning Test; DSM = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; MDD = major depressive disorder; PTSD = post-traumatic stress disorder; RSPM = Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices; WHOQOL-Bref = World Health Organization Quality of Life; WMS = Wechsler Memory Scale.