. 2021 Aug 26;53(9):2822. doi: 10.2340/16501977-2868

Table II.

Participants’ (n = 35)^c results across cognitive tests as whole group and by 3 learning ability subgroups

	Total group, n = 35	Group ID-F, n = 9	Group NID-F, n = 11	Group NID-C, n = 15
	Mean (SD) 95% CI or Median (range) ^a [Comparison with reference value]	Mean (SD^b) 95% CI or Median (range)^a [Comparison with reference value]	Mean (SD^b) 95% CI or Median (range)^a [Comparison with reference value]	Mean (SD^b) 95% CI or Median (range)^a [Comparison with reference value]
Coding^d	5.7 (1.9) 5.0–6.4 [Borderline]	4.1 (2.1) 2.5–5.8 [Borderline]	5.6 (1.8) 4.3–6.8 [Borderline]	6.7 (1.2) 6.1–7.4 [Within reference values]
Coding Memory	3.5 (0–8) 2.4 [Borderline]	3 (2.2) 1.3–4.7 [Borderline]	2.7 (2.0) 1.4–4.0 [Borderline]	4.4 (2.6) 2.9–5.9 [Within reference values]
COWAT Test	27 (13.3) 22.5–31.6 [Within reference values]	21.7 (13.7) 11.1–32.2 [Borderline]	32.5 (11.9) 24.5–40.5 [Within reference values]	26.2 (13.3) 18.7–33.5 [Within reference values]
RAVLT/Immediate Recall	39.9 (9.4) 36.7–43.2 [Borderline]	32.6 (8.6) 25.9–39.2 [Borderline]	40 (9.4) 33.7–46.3 [Borderline]	44.3 (7.2) 40.4–48.3 [Within reference values]
RAVLT/Delayed Recall	7.4 (3.3) 6.2–8.5 [Borderline]	5.3 (2.5) 3.4–7.3 [Below 2 SD]	6.9 (2.9) 4.9–8.9 [Borderline]	8.9 (3.5) 7.0–10.9 [Borderline]
RAVLT/Recognition	15 (11–15)^a [Within reference values]	15 (13–15)^a [Within reference values]	15 (14–15)^a [Within reference values]	15 (11–15)^a [Within reference values]
BWMT	16.8 (5.9) 14.8–18.8	13.6 (4.7) 10.0–17.2	15.9 (5.4) 12.3–19.6	19.4 (6.0) 16.1–22.7
Prospective Memory	6.5 (1.9) 5.9–7.2	5.4 (1.7) 4.1–6.8	6.3 (1.7) 5.2–7.4	7.3 (1.9) 6.3–8.4
Reading Comprehension (n = 34)	10.7 (4.4) 9.1–12.2	4.8 (3.2) 2.3–7.5 (n = 8)	11.3 (2.6) (9.5–13)	13.1 (3.1) 11.4–14.8
Arithmetic^d	6,1 (2.5) 5.2–6.9 [Borderline]	4,4 (2.0) 2.9–6.0 [Borderline]	6.5 (2.5) 4.8–8.1 [Borderline]	7 (1–9)^a [Within reference values]
Similarities	1 (0–2)^a	0 (0–1)^a	1 (0–2)^a	1 (0–2)^a
Block Design^e	6.1 (1.8) 5.5–6.7 [Borderline]	4.4 (0.9) 3.8–5.1 [Borderline]	6.7 (1.9) 5.6–8.0 [Borderline]	6.5 (1.6) 5.7–7.4 [Borderline]
Clock	4 (2–5)^a	4 (3–5)^a	4 (2–5)^a	5 (2–5)^a
Cube	1 (0–2)^a	0 (0–1)^a	1 (0–2)^a	2 (0–2)^a
Information	7 (4–7)^a	7 (4–7)^a	7 (6–7)^a	7 (6–7)^a
Memory for Names	3.5 (0–4)^a	2.3 (1.5) 1.9–3.5	3 (2–4)^a	4 (2–4)^a
Perception of Time (difference between perceived time and real time, in s) (n = 34)	60 (0_–480)^a	60 (0–450)^a n = 8	30 (0–480)^a	60 (0–120)^a

Results, which were not normally distributed according to Shapiro–Wilk test, are presented as median values and range.

Related to group mean value.

n = 35 for total group, for some variables participants are lost, and the n is written by the variable name (1 participant did not want to read, 1 participant did not want to answer Perception of Time 1, 1 participant was using the clock for Perception of Time 2).

Significant differences ID-F to NID-C.

Significant differences ID-F to NID-F and NID-C.

Group ID-F: Intellectual disability, failed to successfully pass compulsory education; Group NID-F: No intellectual disability, failed to successfully pass compulsory education; Group NID-C: No intellectual disability, completed compulsory education; COWAT: Controlled Oral World Association Test; RAVLT: Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test; BWMT: Brief Working Memory Test;