Table 1.

Characteristics of the study population, grouped by the presence of diabetes

Variable	All cases (n = 378)	Without DM (n = 206)	With DM (N = 172)	P value
Age (years)	78.3 ± 12.4	79.2 ± 12.9	77.3 ± 11.7	0.128
Age class (< 65; 65–65; 75–85;  > 85) (%)	14/16/36/34	14/12/36/38	15/20/35/30	0.143
Male sex (%)	47.6 [42.5–52.5]	47.6 [40.6–54.1]	47.7 [40.0–54.8]	0.163
BMI (kg/m2)	28.0 ± 5.5	27.0 ± 5.2	28.8 ± 5.6	0.117
BMI class (normal, overweight, obesity 1, obesity 2, obesity 3) (%)	30/35/24/11	37/33/25/5	24/37/24/15	0.306
Smoke (no, present, ex) (%)	68/22/10	71/19/10	63/27/9	0.126
Age-adjusted Charlson’s score	6.50 ± 2.55	6.61 ± 2.22	7.57 ± 2.51	< 0.001
Hemoglobin (g/dl)	12.9 ± 2.2	13.1 ± 2.2	12.6 ± 2.1	0.014
Leucocyte count (× μl)	11.1 ± 5.5	11.5 ± 5.8	10.7 ± 5.1	0.177
Platelets (× μl)	238 ± 101	252 ± 105	219 ± 97	0.432
Creatinine (mg/dl)	1.33 ± 0.84	1.31 ± 0.87	1.35 ± 0.81	0.601
eGFR (ml/min × 1.73 m2)	61.6 ± 30.8	63.4 ± 30.4	59.5 ± 31.3	0.230
Potassium (mEq/l)	4.18 ± 0.71	4.11 ± 0.71	4.26 ± 0.71	0.037
Total cholesterol (mg/dl)	168 ± 48	170 ± 45	166 ± 51	0.440
HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)	42.4 ± 13.9	44.1 ± 14.6	40.7 ± 13.0	0.050
Triglycerides (mg/dl)	136 ± 80	123 ± 70	150 ± 88	0.005
Blood glucose at admission(mg/dl)	192 ± 90	159 ± 35	230 ± 118	< 0.001
Glycosylated HbA1c (%)	6.51 ± 1.59	5.67 ± 0.34	7.51 ± 1.89	< 0.001
Relative hyperglycemia (%)	1.40 ± 0.58	1.43 ± 0.66	1.36 ± 0.47	0.297
Stress hyperglycemia (RH > 1.2) (%)	65.1 [60.0–69.6]	71.4 [64.6–76.9]	57.6 [49.8–64.4]	0.007
Hospital length of stay (days)	10.6 ± 7.0	9.8 ± 6.2	11.5 ± 7.7	0.019

Data are reported as mean ± SD or as percent [95% confidence interval]

The diagnosis of diabetes was either retrieved from history or was based on glycosylated hemoglobin levels ≥ 6.5% (48 mmol/mol) at time of admission (newly diagnosed diabetes)

eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (CKD-EPI) [29]