Table 1. Characteristics of the study participants (n = 33).

Respondents’ primary role		Label	No.
Community organiser		CO	4
Former students1		FS	7
Education provider2		EP	11
Policymaker		POL	4
Researcher		RES	7
Total			33
Respondent’s citizenship status		Female	Male
Malaysian citizen		15	7
Non-Malaysian citizen		8	3
Total		23	10
Non-citizen type	Peninsular Malaysia	Sabah	Overall Malaysia
Overall—non-citizens			5
Refugees	15
Stateless	3	7	2
Migrant			1
Total	18	7	8

¹All the former students interviewed were adult refugees. Of the 7 interviewed, 3 were also education providers.

² Of the 11 education providers interviewed, 7 also identified themselves as community organisers.