Table 7. Short-term effects of different techniques on specific autonomic indices of HRV.
| HRV marker | Technique | Result | autonomic effect | Article |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time-domain | ||||
| SDNN | Myofascial | increase | PNS activation | Amoroso-Borges 2018 |
| RMSSD | Myofascial | increase | PNS activation | Amoroso-Borges 2018 |
| pNN50 | Myofascial | increase | PNS activation | Amoroso-Borges 2018 |
| Frequency domain | ||||
| LF | HVLA upper thoracic | increase | SNS predominance | Wirth 2019 |
| HVLA lower cervical | increase | SNS predominance | Wirth 2019 | |
| HF | HVLA upper thoracic | decrease | Decreased PNS predominance | Wirth 2019 |
| HVLA lower cervical | decrease | Decreased PNS predominance | Wirth 2019 | |
| HVLA upper cervical | increase | PNS predominance | Amoroso-Borges 2018 | |
| Myofascial | increase | PNS predominance | Amoroso-Borges 2018 | |
| Spinal manipulation | No effect | No effect | Picchiottino 2019 | |
| LF/HF ratio | HVLA upper thoracic | increase | increased sympa- tho-vagal balance | Wirth 2019, Amoroso-Borges 2018 |
| HVLA lower cervical | increase | increased sympatho-vagal balance | Wirth 2019 | |
| HVLA upper cervical | decrease | sympatho-vagal balance | Wirth 2019, Amoroso-Borges 2018 | |
| HVLA lumbar | decrease | sympatho-vagal balance | Amoroso-Borges 2018 | |
| Myofascial | decrease | sympatho-vagal balance | Amoroso-Borges 2018 | |
| Spinal Manipulations | No effect | No effect | Picchiottino 2019 | |
SDNN: the standard deviation of all R–R intervals; RMSSD: the root mean square of successive differences; pNN50: the percentage of successive normal sinus RR intervals more than 50 ms; PNS: Parasympathetic nervous system; SNS: Sympathetic nervous system; HVLA: high-velocity low amplitude technique; LF: low frequency; HF: high frequency.