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. 2021 Nov 18;8:787866. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.787866

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Copyright © 2021 Wang, Chen, Lin, Chen, Chong, Hsueh, Chung and Chen.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Flow chart of the patient selection. AF, atrial fibrillation; AFL, atrial flutter; NHIRD, National Health Insurance Research Database; RHD, rheumatic heart disease; VHD, valvular heart disease.