Table 2. Underlying medical conditions, health care use, interventions, and outcomes of adults hospitalized with COVID-19 (N = 109), by age group and sex—Puerto Rico, March-August 2020.
| Characteristic | All patients, No. (%) (N = 109) |
Age group (years) | Sex | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) | p-value* | No. (%) | p-value* | |||||||||||
| 18–49 | 50–64 | ≥65 | Male | Female | ||||||||||
| (n = 26) | (n = 36) | (n = 47) | (n = 56) | (n = 53) | ||||||||||
| Underlying conditions | ||||||||||||||
| Any condition with evidence of increased risk of severe illness [9] | 106 | (97.2) | 25 | (96.2) | 36 | (100.0) | 45 | (95.7) | 0.46 | 55 | (98.2) | 51 | (96.2) | 0.61 |
| Median number of conditions† | 3.0 | (2.0–5.0) | 2.0 | (1.0–3.0) | 3.5 | (2.0–5.0) | 4.0 | (3.0–5.0) | <0.001 | 3.0 | (1.5–5.0) | 3.0 | (2.0–4.0) | 0.84 |
| Conditions with strongest and most consistent evidence § | ||||||||||||||
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 but < 40 kg/m2) | 38 | (35.5) | 9 | (34.6) | 15 | (41.7) | 14 | (31.1) | 0.60 | 24 | (43.6) | 14 | (26.9) | 0.11 |
| Type 2 diabetes mellitus | 33 | (30.3) | 1 | (3.9) | 11 | (30.6) | 21 | (44.7) | 0.001 | 20 | (35.7) | 13 | (24.5) | 0.22 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 26 | (23.9) | 0 | (—) | 8 | (22.2) | 18 | (38.3) | <0.001 | 15 | (26.8) | 11 | (20.8) | 0.51 |
| Severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) | 15 | (14.0) | 9 | (34.6) | 4 | (11.1) | 2 | (4.4) | 0.002 | 4 | (7.3) | 11 | (21.2) | 0.052 |
| Cancer | 15 | (13.8) | 2 | (7.7) | 4 | (11.1) | 9 | (19.2) | 0.40 | 5 | (8.9) | 10 | (18.9) | 0.17 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 14 | (12.8) | 1 | (3.9) | 5 | (13.9) | 8 | (17.0) | 0.29 | 9 | (16.1) | 5 | (9.4) | 0.39 |
| COPD | 9 | (8.3) | 0 | (—) | 3 | (8.3) | 6 | (12.8) | 0.17 | 4 | (7.1) | 5 | (9.4) | 0.74 |
| Conditions with mixed evidence § | ||||||||||||||
| Hypertension | 68 | (62.4) | 8 | (30.8) | 22 | (61.1) | 38 | (80.9) | <0.001 | 34 | (60.7) | 34 | (64.2) | 0.84 |
| Asthma | 25 | (22.9) | 7 | (26.9) | 12 | (33.3) | 6 | (12.8) | 0.066 | 4 | (7.1) | 21 | (39.6) | <0.001 |
| Use of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive medications | 15 | (13.8) | 3 | (11.5) | 6 | (16.7) | 6 | (12.8) | 0.83 | 7 | (12.5) | 8 | (15.1) | 0.78 |
| Conditions with limited evidence § | ||||||||||||||
| Overweight (BMI ≥ 25 but < 30 kg/m2) | 37 | (34.6) | 6 | (23.1) | 15 | (41.7) | 16 | (35.6) | 0.30 | 17 | (30.9) | 20 | (38.5) | 0.42 |
| Immune deficiencies¶ | 12 | (11.0) | 3 | (11.5) | 4 | (11.1) | 5 | (10.6) | 1.00 | 6 | (10.7) | 6 | (11.3) | 1.00 |
| Other chronic lung diseases** | 7 | (6.4) | 0 | (—) | 4 | (11.1) | 3 | (6.4) | 0.25 | 4 | (7.1) | 3 | (5.7) | 1.00 |
| Neurologic conditions†† | 5 | (4.6) | 0 | (—) | 1 | (2.8) | 4 | (8.5) | 0.30 | 1 | (0.0) | 4 | (7.6) | 0.20 |
| Health care use | ||||||||||||||
| Median hospital duration, days† | 13.0 | (8.0–21.0) | 13.5 | (10.0–21.0) | 11.5 | (8.0–21.5) | 13.0 | (7.0–21.0) | 0.63 | 13.5 | (9.0–20.5) | 13.0 | (7.0–21.0) | 0.63 |
| Any supplemental oxygen | 96 | (88.1) | 22 | (84.8) | 32 | (88.9) | 42 | (89.4) | 0.87 | 51 | (91.1) | 45 | (84.9) | 0.38 |
| Bacterial co-infection | 21 | (19.3) | 5 | (19.2) | 3 | (8.3) | 13 | (27.7) | 0.086 | 9 | (16.1) | 12 | (22.6) | 0.47 |
| ICU admission and interventions | ||||||||||||||
| Admitted to ICU | 31 | (28.4) | 5 | (19.2) | 12 | (33.3) | 14 | (29.8) | 0.48 | 21 | (37.5) | 10 | (18.9) | 0.036 |
| Median ICU duration, days† | 12.0 | (6.0–22.0) | 5.0 | (5.0–5.0) | 9.5 | (5.5–14.5) | 17.0 | (10.0–22.0) | 0.13 | 11.0 | (6.0–16.0) | 17.0 | (5.0–28.0) | 0.59 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 20 | (18.3) | 1 | (3.9) | 8 | (22.2) | 11 | (23.4) | 0.074 | 12 | (21.4) | 8 | (15.1) | 0.46 |
| Median ventilator days† | 12.0 | (6.0–22.0) | 5.0 | (5.0–5.0) | 9.5 | (5.5–14.5) | 17.0 | (10.0–22.0) | 0.13 | 11.0 | (6.0–16.0) | 17.0 | (5.0–28.0) | 0.59 |
| Cardiopulmonary resuscitation§§ | 6 | (6.2) | 0 | (—) | 2 | (6.1) | 4 | (10.3) | 0.28 | 4 | (8.0) | 2 | (4.3) | 0.68 |
| Outcomes | ||||||||||||||
| Discharged alive | 89 | (81.7) | 26 | (100.0) | 30 | (83.3) | 33 | (70.2) | 0.003 | 42 | (75.0) | 47 | (88.7) | 0.084 |
| Died | 20 | (18.3) | 0 | (—) | 6 | (16.7) | 14 | (29.8) | 0.003 | 14 | (25.0) | 6 | (11.3) | 0.084 |
Abbreviations: COVID-19 = coronavirus disease 2019; No. = number; BMI = body mass index; COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ICU = intensive care unit; IQR = interquartile range; DNR = do not resuscitate.
*P values were calculated using Fisher’s exact tests for proportions and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test or the Kruskal-Wallis H test for medians.
†Continuous variables are presented as median (IQR).
§Conditions are included and classified according to the information available as of March 22, 2021 [9]. Additional documented conditions with strongest evidence: solid organ transplant (two), current smoker (two). Additional documented conditions with mixed evidence: cerebrovascular disease (one). Additional documented conditions with limited evidence: liver disease (two), type 1 diabetes mellitus (one), bone marrow transplant (one), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV [one]).
¶Immune deficiencies included: being on immunosuppressive medication (nine), cancer with chemotherapy receipt within the previous year (six), solid organ transplant (two), bone marrow transplant (one), and HIV (one).
**Other chronic lung diseases included: obstructive sleep apnea (three), chronic bronchitis (two), pulmonary fibrosis (one), chronic hypoxemic respiratory failure (one).
††Neurologic conditions included: Alzheimer’s disease (three), multiple sclerosis (one), vascular dementia (one).
§§12 patients were excluded from the denominator due to a documented DNR order.