(A) Interaction between NXF1 and tRNAs. RIP assay was performed with α-NXF1 or α-XPO1 on A549 cell lysates. RIP with IgG served as control. RT-qPCR was performed to measure the amount of tRNAGlu(CTC), tRNATyr(GTA), tRNAHis(GTG), tRNALeu(CAG), tRNAGly(CCC) and tRNAGly(GCC) in the precipitates. Data (mean ± SD, n = 3) were analyzed by Student’s t-test in paired comparison; *P < 0.05. (B) Western blot of NXF1 in A549, H322, H460 and H1299 cells transfected with NXF1-specific siRNAs (Nsi-1 and Nsi-2) or a control siRNA. (C) Nuclear enrichment of tRNAs in A549 cells (control) and A549 cells with NXF1 knockdown (Nsi-1 and Nsi-2). Relative nuclear enrichment of each tRNA tested was determined by its nuclear / total expression normalized to the same ratio of the tRNA within the control, shown as mean ± SD (n = 2), and analyzed by Student’s t-test; *P < 0.05. (D) Cell viability measured by MTS assay. Data (mean ± SD, n = 3) were analyzed by paired Student’s t-test; **P < 0.01. (E) Cell proliferation capacity evaluated by colony formation assay.