Table 1:
Baseline characteristics of sample overall and by HIV status
| Overall (n=47 116) | People ageing with HIV (n=9186) | People ageing without HIV (n=37 930) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | |||
| <50 | 10 004 (21·2%) | 2249 (24·5%) | 7755 (20·5%) |
| 50–64 | 30 413 (64·6%) | 5683 (61·9%) | 24 730 (65·2%) |
| ≥65 | 6699 (14·2%) | 1254 (13·7%) | 5445 (14·4%) |
| Sex | |||
| Female | 1203 (2·6%) | 196 (2·1%) | 1007 (2·7%) |
| Male | 45 913 (97·4%) | 8990 (97·9%) | 36 923 (97·4%) |
| Race | |||
| White, non-Hispanic | 19 309 (41·0%) | 4012 (43·7%) | 15 297 (40·3%) |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 21 934 (46·6%) | 4044 (44·0%) | 17 890 (47·2%) |
| Hispanic | 4167 (8·8%) | 779 (8·5%) | 3388 (8·9%) |
| Other or missing | 1706 (3·6%) | 351 (3·8%) | 1355 (3·6%) |
| Medical diagnoses | |||
| Hypertension, controlled, with treatment | 20 567 (43·7%) | 3496 (38·1%) | 17 071 (45·0%) |
| Hypertension, uncontrolled | 10 081 (21·4%) | 1593 (17·3%) | 8488 (22·4%) |
| Diabetes | 15 304 (32·5%) | 1996 (21·7%) | 13 308 (35·1%) |
| Hyperlipidaemia | 19 767 (42·0%) | 3590 (39·1%) | 16 177 (42·7%) |
| Coronary artery disease | 4621 (9·8%) | 669 (7·3%) | 3952 (10·4%) |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3233 (6·9%) | 494 (5·4%) | 2739 (7·2%) |
| Cirrhosis | 551 (1·2%) | 163 (1·8%) | 388 (1·0%) |
| Chronic pain | 22 826 (48·5%) | 3332 (36·3%) | 19 494 (51·4%) |
| Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | 5126 (10·9%) | 631 (6·9%) | 4495 (11·9%) |
| Obesity (BMI ≥35 kg/m2) | 7850 (16·7%) | 444 (4·8%) | 7406 (19·5%) |
| Psychiatric diagnoses | |||
| Major depression | 3592 (7·6%) | 771 (8·4%) | 2821 (7·4%) |
| Bipolar disorder | 2824 (6·0%) | 483 (5·3%) | 2341 (6·2%) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 6529 (13·9%) | 735 (8·0%) | 5794 (15·3%) |
| Schizophrenia | 2640 (5·6%) | 211 (2·3%) | 2429 (6·4%) |
| Any psychiatric disorder | 13 004 (27·6%) | 1858 (20·2%) | 11 146 (29·4%) |
| Substance use | |||
| Alcohol-related diagnosis | 5048 (10·7%) | 793 (8·6%) | 4255 (11·2%) |
| Drug abuse and dependence | 4692 (10·0%) | 1072 (11·7%) | 3620 (9·5%) |
| Alcohol or drug diagnoses | 7105 (15·1%) | 1360 (14·8%) | 5745 (15·2%) |
| Current smoker | 23 527 (49·9%) | 4827 (52·6%) | 18 700 (49·3%) |
| Former smoker | 8622 (18·3%) | 1519 (16·5%) | 7103 (18·7%) |
| VACS Index score and components | |||
| Total score | 34 (27–43) | 48 (39–58) | 32 (26–39) |
| Age, years | 56 (51–62) | 56 (50–61) | 56 (51–62) |
| HIV-1 RNA, copies per mL | NA | <400 | NA |
| CD4 count, cells per mm3 | NA | 511 (346–720) | NA |
| Haemoglobin, dL | 14 (13–15) | 14 (13–15) | 14 (14–15) |
| Fibrosis-4 score | 1·19 (0·89–1·66) | 1·38 (1·00–1·97) | 1·15 (0·87–1·59) |
| Estimated glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1·73 m2 | 88 (73–102) | 88 (73–104) | 88 (73–102) |
| White blood cell count, ×109 per L | 7 (5–8) | 6 (5–7) | 7 (6–8) |
| Albumin, g/dL | 4·1 (3·9–4·4) | 4·1 (3·8–4·5) | 4·1 (3·9–4·4) |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 29 (25–33) | 26 (23–29) | 30 (26–34) |
| Hepatitis C infection | 9085 (19·3%) | 3163 (34·4%) | 5922 (15·6%) |
| Medication classes | |||
| ACE inhibitors | 15 625 (33·2%) | 2389 (26·0%) | 13 236 (34·9%) |
| β blockers | 13 301 (28·2%) | 1989 (21·7%) | 11 312 (29·8%) |
| Diuretics | 9718 (20·6%) | 1388 (15·1%) | 8330 (22·0%) |
| Calcium-channel blockers | 10 990 (23·3%) | 1297 (14·1%) | 9693 (25·6%) |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 23 861 (50·6%) | 3855 (42·0%) | 20 006 (52·7%) |
| Oral glucose-lowering agents | 9326 (19·8%) | 980 (10·7%) | 8346 (22·0%) |
| Gastric medications | 14 184 (30·1%) | 1766 (19·2%) | 12 418 (32·7%) |
| Antidepressants | 14 664 (31·1%) | 2937 (32·0%) | 11 727 (30·9%) |
| Non-opioid analgesics | 12 222 (25·9%) | 1722 (18·8%) | 10 500 (27·7%) |
| Genitourinary agents | 9435 (20·0%) | 1797 (19·6%) | 7638 (20·1%) |
| Outcomes | |||
| Hospitalisaton | 25 846 (54·9%) | 5609 (61·1%) | 20 237 (53·4%) |
| All-cause death | 10 881 (23·1%) | 2329 (25·4%) | 8552 (22·6%) |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). ACE=angiotensin-converting enzyme. BMI=body-mass index. NA=not applicable. VACS=Veterans Aging Cohort Study.