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. 2021 Oct 18;118(43):e2107332118. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2107332118

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Fig. 1. — The physical characterizations. (A) Schematics of IrRu-N-C catalysts. (B) The HAADF-STEM image of IrRu@ZIF-8, indicating the single-atom dispersion nature of Ir and Ru in the ZIF-8 precursor. (C) Energy-dispersive X-ray elemental mapping of IrRu@ZIF-8. (D) XRD patterns of precursors (IrRu@ZIF-8 and ZIF-8) and catalysts (IrRu-N-C and N-C). The broad peaks at around 20 to 30° and 40 to 50° can be assigned to the amorphous carbon. (E) HAADF-STEM image of IrRu-N-C, indicating the predominant atomic dispersion of Ir and Ru in the final catalyst. (F) Typical N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms of IrRu@ZIF-8 and IrRu-N-C.