Table 1.
Characteristics of studies investigating associations between lipid metabolites and VCI.
| References | Study population | Study design | N | Biospecimen | Baseline cognition status of participants | Mean age | Outcome (N); ascertainment | Analytical platform, lipid metabolite targets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liu et al. (10) | Australian | Cross-sectional study | 97 | Fasting EDTA plasma | Healthy control (49); Vascular dementia (48) |
>65 | VaD patients were diagnosed using the criteria of NINCDS-AIREN | Liquid-chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS); 667 lipid species from 9 lipid subclasses including ChE, glycerolipids DG, TG, Cers, SMs,PC, PE, and PI. |
| Liu et al. (5) | Chinese | Cross-sectional study | 80 | Fasting serum | Healthy control (20); PSNCI (30); PSCI (30) |
PSCI: 66.10 ± 6.50; PSNCI: 67.50 ± 8.64 Healthy: 67.30 ± 6.81 |
The cognitive status of the inpatients were measured using the Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA); PSCI patients was defined as stroke patients with MoCA <24 and excluded dementia before stroke | Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with Q-TOF mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOFMS analysis); LysoPC (16:0), LysoPC (18:0) and palmitoylcarnitine, formic acid, carnitine, creatinine, glutamine, proline, citric acid, valine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, tyrosine, isoleucine, kynurenine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan |
| Zarrouk et al. (12) | Tunisia | Cross-sectional study | 192 | Fasting EDTA plasma; RBC | Healthy control (128); Demented patients (64) |
Patients: 65 ± 10 Control: 72 ± 8 |
_______ | Gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry set to the selected-ion monitoring mode (GC/MS-SIM); fatty acids, VLCFAs (C22:0; C24:0; C26:0), phytanic acid, and plasmalogen-C16:0 |
| Zhang et al. (13) | Chinese | Case control study | 226 | Serum | VD (104); VCIND (68); Stoke patients with normal cognition status (54) |
VD: 66 ± 5 Other stroke patients: 69 ± 6 |
CSVD patients were diagnosed using the criteria of WHO; VD and VCIND was diagnosed using the criteria of DSM-V | ELASA; Lp-PLA2 |
| Niu et al. (14) | Chinese | Cross-sectional study | 360 | Serum | Healthy control (60); CSVD patients with normal cognition status (106); CSVD patients with cognitive impairment (194) |
Patients: 68.05 ± 5.65 Control: 67.03 ± 4.98 |
CSVD patients were diagnosed using the criteria of Chinese Consensus of CSVD (2015);VCI was diagnosed using the criteria of Chinese guideline of VCI (2016) | Double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, DAS-ELISA; Lp-PLA2 |
| Zhang et al. (15) | Chinese | Case control study | 120 | Serum | Healthy control (60); VCIND (60) |
Patients: 73.6 ± 6.4 Control: 72.9 ± 8.1 |
VCIND patients were diagnosed using the criteria raised by Jia in 2004 | PAFAH kit; Lp-PLA2 activity |
| Hou et al. (16) | Chinese | Cross-sectional study | 120 | Plasma | Control (42); VaD (40); AD (38) |
VaD:70.1 ± 10.0 AD: 73.7 ± 8.2 Control: 71.2 ± 7.8 |
AD patients were diagnosed using the criteria of NINCDS-ADRDA; VaD patients were diagnosed using the criteria of NINCDS-AIREN | ELASA; Lp-PLA2 |
| Bai et al. (17) | Chinese | Cross-sectional study | 95 | Plasma | Control (50); VCIND (45) |
VaD: 66 ± 5 Control: 69 ± 6 |
_______ | ELASA; Lp-PLA2 |
| Bai and Su (18) | Chinese | Cross-sectional study | 107 | Plasma | Control (31); VCIND (47); VaD (29) |
49–75 | VCIND and VaD patients were diagnosed using the criteria raised by Rockwood in 1999 | ELASA; Lp-PLA2 |