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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Psychiatry. 2021 Sep 10;178(12):1089–1097. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2021.21040351

Figure 4.

Figure 4.

Effect of ECT on suicide death. Analysis in Panel A includes any patient receiving 1 or more ECT and matched controls (1-year Hazard Ratio=0.92, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.25). Analysis in Panel B defines therapeutic ECT as patients receiving 5 or more ECT sessions within 30 days (therapeutic course; Hazard Ratio= 0.82, 95% CI 0.58 to 1.16 v. matched controls) and those receiving less than 5 ECT sessions (subtherapeutic; HR=1.34, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.46). There was no difference in trajectory between matched controls for therapeutic and subtherapeutic ECT groups.