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. 2021 Nov 19;12:720877. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.720877

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Copyright © 2021 Cao, Liang, Liu, He, Ke, Sun, Jiang and Lin

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Combination treatment ameliorates pyroptosis in podocytes in vitro. (A) Pyroptotic features were exhibited in cultured primary podocytes after incubated with LPS+ATP, and pretreated with combination treatment. Arrows indicated cells exhibiting pyroptotic-like features. (B) Supernatants from challenged cells were analyzed for cell death, as measured by LDH secretion. (C) Supernatants from the challenged cells were analyzed for IL-1β release. (D) Immunoblotting analysis of NLRP3, caspase-1, GSDMD-NT and ASC expression after tacrolimus, MMF, prednisone or combination treatment after NLRP3 inflammasome activation. ^* p < 0.05; ^** p < 0.01; ^*** p < 0.001; ^**** p < 0.0001. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; DSMO, Dimethyl sulfoxide, FK506, tacrolimus; MMF, mycophenolate mofetil; PNS, prednisone; COM, combination therapy; ASC, apoptosis-associated speck like protein.